The sub-buyer’s right of performance should be protected by law.

Editor’s Note: This paper analyzes the legal application of Article 524 of the Civil Code of People’s Republic of China (PRC) with a case of a house sales contract dispute. It is now published for research and exchange.
I. Basic information
Final judgment document: (2019) Jing 03 Min Zhong No.13802.
Cause of action: commercial housing pre-sale contract dispute.
Plaintiffs (Appellees): Cheng and Yang.
Defendant (Appellant): A real estate company.
Defendant (defendant in the original trial): Ye.
Second, the basic case
On September 21st, 2009, a real estate company (seller) and Ye Mou (buyer) signed the Commodity House Pre-sale Contract, which stipulated that the commodity house involved was located at Room 3-401, a residential building in Huoxian County, Tongzhou District, Beijing, and the buyer paid the total house price of 738,090 yuan to the seller in a lump sum on September 21st, 2009. Article 10 "Liability for Late Payment" of the contract also stipulates that the seller has the right to terminate the contract after the overdue period exceeds 30 days. The contract also stipulated other contents. On September 21st, 2009, both parties completed the online registration of the pre-sale contract of commercial housing.
On December 30, 2009, Yemou (the seller) and Chengmou and Yangmou (the buyer) signed the Beijing Stock House Purchase and Sales Contract (self-transaction version), stipulating that the house sold by the seller is a building located at 3-401, a residential building in Huoxian County, Tongzhou District, Beijing, and the transaction price is 749,204 yuan. Within 90 days after signing this contract, the buyer. The contract also stipulated other contents. On February 12, 2010, Yemou issued a receipt stating that he received the house payment of RMB 520,000 from Cheng.
In addition, on February 12, 2010, Cheng and Yang (buyers) signed the House Exchange Agreement with Ye (former owner) and Zhu (developer), the current legal representative of a real estate company. The agreement stipulated that the original owner and the developer agreed to exchange the 401 house purchased by the buyer for the 201 house. After the online signing of the 201 house in the name of the buyer was completed, the buyer returned the contract and keys of the 401 house. A real estate company does not recognize the relevance of the above-mentioned House Exchange Agreement, claiming that Zhu was the legal representative after 2012 and had nothing to do with the company when signing the agreement. After the signing of the above-mentioned House Exchange Agreement, the two parties did not actually perform it. In 2011, Cheng and Yang renovated the houses involved and lived there ever since. Later, due to the failure to apply for the ownership certificate of the house involved, the contract between Cheng, Yang and Ye failed to go through the online signing and the transfer procedures.
On December 22, 2017, a real estate company issued a Notice of Termination of Contract to Ye, informing Ye that: 1. The Commodity House Pre-sale Contract signed between you and our company on September 21, 2009 will be terminated from now on; 2. Please cooperate with our company to handle relevant cancellation procedures such as cancellation of contract filing and registration within 3 days from the date of receiving this notice; 3. According to Item (2) of Point 1 of Article 10 of the Contract, you should pay our company a penalty of RMB 22,142.7. 4. Our company has the right to sell the subject house separately from the date when the notice of rescission is served. If the registration procedures for canceling the contract are not completed as scheduled, the subject house cannot be sold separately, and you will bear the indirect losses caused to our company. The Notice of Termination of Contract was signed by Ye’s family on December 25, 2017.
On February 27, 2018, a real estate company took Ye as the defendant and sued the court, demanding confirmation that the "Beijing Commercial Housing Pre-sale Contract" signed by both parties was terminated on December 25, 2017. When the case was tried, the court heard it in absentia because Yemou failed to appear in court after being legally summoned. During the trial, the court asked "who controls the house now", and a real estate company said that "Yemou has given the house to her"; The court asked "why the house was handed over without payment", and a real estate company said that "the defendant may be related to the original company, and the specific situation is unclear". After trial, the court held that the parties may agree on the conditions for one party to terminate the contract. When the conditions for terminating the contract are met, the obligee may terminate the contract. If one party claims to terminate the contract, it shall notify the other party. The contract is terminated when the notice reaches the other party. Accordingly, on May 15, 2018, the court made a civil judgment (2018) No.5665 at the beginning of the Republic of China: the Pre-sale Contract of Commercial Housing signed by a real estate company and Yemou was terminated on December 25, 2017. After the judgment, neither party appealed, and the civil judgment has now taken legal effect.
In January 2019, Cheng and Yang inquired about the above judgment through the Internet and filed a lawsuit in this case, demanding that the above civil judgment be revoked. In the lawsuit, Cheng and Yang made it clear that if Yemou did not pay the house payment, he agreed to fulfill the obligation to pay the house payment to a real estate company on behalf of Yemou. After trial, the court of first instance held that Ye and a real estate company did not truthfully state the facts of house resale to the court, which violated the principle of good faith, resulting in Cheng Lan and Yang Guihua not participating in the lawsuit because of reasons that could not be attributed to them; Cheng and Yang have a legitimate expectation interest in Yemou’s performance of payment obligations to a real estate company, and then obtaining the ownership of the house; (2018) The civil judgment No.5665 at the beginning of the Republic of China in Beijing 0112 damaged the expected interests of Cheng and Yang. Accordingly, the court of first instance ruled on August 16, 2019 that the civil judgment No.5665 of (2018) Jing 0112 Minchu was revoked. After the verdict, a real estate company refused to accept it and appealed. After hearing the case, the court of second instance ruled that the appeal was dismissed and the original judgment was upheld.
Third, the focus of controversy
When the buyer of commercial housing resells the house and the developer should know about it, and the developer asks to cancel the commercial housing sales contract signed by both parties on the grounds that the buyer fails to fulfill the payment obligation as agreed, does the sub-buyer have a legitimate interest in the performance of the above debts and has the right to perform it for the developer?
Fourth, the gist of the referee
If the debtor fails to perform the debt and a third party has a legitimate interest in performing the debt, the third party has the right to perform it on behalf of the creditor. If the buyer of the commercial house resells the house, the sub-buyer shall enjoy the expected benefits for the buyer to fulfill the payment obligation to the seller and then obtain the ownership of the commercial house. When the buyer fails to perform the payment obligation, the sub-buyer has the right to perform it for the seller. If the seller and the buyer violate the principle of good faith and fail to truthfully state the resale of the house to the court, which leads to errors in the court judgment documents and damages the sub-buyer’s "performance right", the sub-buyer has the right to request the cancellation of the judgment documents.
V. Analysis of application
Article 524th of the Civil Code of People’s Republic of China (PRC) (hereinafter referred to as "the Civil Code") is a new provision. The first paragraph of this article stipulates that if the debtor fails to perform the debt and a third party has a legitimate interest in performing the debt, the third party has the right to perform it on behalf of the creditor; However, unless it can only be performed by the debtor according to the nature of the debt, according to the agreement of the parties or according to the law. The above provisions are the rules for the third party to perform on behalf of the creditor, which gives the third party the right to perform on behalf of the creditor, which is called "the right to perform on behalf of the creditor" in this paper. The application of this provision is analyzed in combination with this case.
1. The third party to perform and performed by the third party.
To understand the significance of the third party’s performance of the rules, we first need to understand the difference between the rules and the rules performed by the third party. Article 65 of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Contract Law (hereinafter referred to as "Contract Law") promulgated and implemented in 1999 stipulated that the third party should perform the rule. Article 523 of the Civil Code adopted the content of this article in the original text, and only modified some words. Article 523 of the Civil Code stipulates that if the parties agree that the third party shall perform the debt to the creditor, and the third party fails to perform the debt or the performance of the debt does not conform to the agreement, the debtor shall bear the liability for breach of contract to the creditor. It can be seen that the performance by a third party means that both parties agree that the debt shall be performed by a third party, and the reason why the parties agree to be performed by a third party is that the third party is liable to the debtor, and the agreement to directly perform by a third party "can save the trouble of multi-ring performance" [1]. Judging from the content of this article, its main normative purpose is to solve the subject of liability for breach of contract. The third party’s performance on behalf of the debtor refers to "when a debt has expired and the debtor fails to perform the debt, which may harm the interests of the third party, the third party may perform the debt on behalf of the debtor to the creditor, so as to preserve its legitimate interests" [2].
It can be seen that in the rule of performance by a third party, although the third party is not a party to the contract, its performance matters are agreed by the parties and become one of the terms of the contract. However, in the new rules of performance by the third party in the Civil Code, the third party is neither a party to the contract, nor is its performance an agreement of the parties to the contract. The third party’s performance to the creditor is a right means to protect its own legitimate rights and interests based on its legitimate interests in the performance and the debtor’s non-performance. Take this case as an example. In the case that Yemou resold the house involved and has not fully fulfilled the obligation to pay the house price, if Yemou agreed with a real estate company that the remaining house price would be paid by Cheng and Yang, it would be a third party to perform the contract. The actual situation of this case is that Yemou and a real estate company did not agree that "the remaining house payment will be paid by Cheng and Yang", but because Cheng and Yang have legitimate interests in Yemou’s performance of their debts, Cheng and Yang have the right to perform it for the real estate company. If Yemou and a real estate company know that the house has been resold, but without consulting the sub-buyers, Cheng Mou and Yang Mou, whether they agree to perform the debt to the real estate company on behalf of Yemou, and terminate the contract through litigation or negotiation on the grounds that Yemou has not fulfilled the obligation to pay the house payment, it will infringe on the "right to perform on behalf of Cheng Mou and Yang Mou". This is the third party to perform the rules.
2. About "the third party has a legitimate interest in performing the debt"
According to the provisions of Article 524 of the Civil Code, one of the requirements for a third party to enjoy the right to perform on his behalf is that "the third party has a legitimate interest in performing the debt". Although in real life, the performance of contract debts involves many interests, such as Zhang San buying an air conditioner from Li Si, not only Zhang San benefits, but also his family and even his guests, but it cannot be considered that the guests have legitimate interests in Li Si’s performance of his debt to pay for air conditioners. Because, according to the basic principle of debt law, contracts are relative and creditor’s rights belong to relative rights. However, with the development of society, the relativity of contract has been gradually broken through in many fields, thus affirming the legitimate interests of the third party outside the contract for the performance of contractual debts. The expansion of the protection scope of this kind of interest should be affirmed and properly restricted, otherwise it will bring endless obligations to the market participants and thus hinder the development of the market economy. Whether the third party has a legitimate interest in the performance of the debt shall be judged on the basis of the nature of the interest. Only when this interest is important enough to break through the relativity of contracts can it be given special legal protection to ensure the normal operation of the market economy.
Before the introduction of the Civil Code, the stipulation that the third party has legitimate interests in performing the contractual debts and then has the right to perform on behalf of the creditors appeared in the field of urban housing lease contracts. Article 17 of the Supreme People’s Court’s Interpretation on Several Issues Concerning the Specific Application of Law in the Trial of Disputes over Urban Housing Lease Contracts (hereinafter referred to as "Judicial Interpretation of Housing Lease Contracts") stipulates that if the lessor requests to terminate the contract due to the lessee’s arrears of rent, the people’s court shall support the sub-lessee’s request to pay the unpaid rent and liquidated damages on behalf of the lessee to defend the lessor’s right to terminate the contract. Except that the sublease contract is invalid. If the rent and liquidated damages paid by the sub-lessee exceed the amount of rent payable, the sub-lessee may offset the rent or recover from the lessee. The above provisions are based on the protection of the interests of the sub-lessee’s housing right, and affirm the legitimate expected interests of the sub-lessee for the normal performance of the debts of the previous lease contract. In other words, the judicial interpretation of the above-mentioned housing lease contract gives the sub-lessee the right to claim compensation because the legal lease right of the sub-lessee is an important legal interest. Protecting this legal interest is in line with the rule of "buying and selling does not break the lease". On this basis, Article 524 of the Civil Code establishes the rule that the third party performs on its behalf. Although its proviso only excludes the situation that "it can only be performed by the debtor according to the nature of the debt, according to the agreement of the parties or according to the law", as mentioned above, the application of this rule should focus on the importance of legal interests, and the judicial interpretation of the above-mentioned housing lease contract can be used as a reference.
3. The application of law in this case
With the development of commercial housing market, the phenomenon of resale of commercial housing is becoming more and more common, and how to protect the rights and interests of sub-buyers has become an important topic in judicial practice. Under normal circumstances, sub-buyers can protect their rights and interests by asking the buyers to transfer their ownership in time. However, in practice, due to the nonstandard operation of developers, they failed to handle housing property certificate for a long time, resulting in a large number of unlicensed housing transfers. Take the jurisdiction of the court where the author is located as an example, there are not a few cases in which developers delay to apply for accreditation, and some communities have not handled housing property certificate for community owners for more than ten years. In this case, if the buyer has not fully fulfilled the obligation to pay the house price, we will face how to solve the conflict between the developer’s right to terminate the contract and the sub-buyer’s right to expect. According to the principle of freedom of contract and relativity of contract, the parties to a contract have both the freedom to conclude a contract and the freedom to terminate it. An agreement between a party to a contract and a third party cannot bind the other party to the contract. Therefore, when the debtor of the contract fails to perform the debt, the creditor has the right to exercise the right of rescission according to the law. No matter what agreement exists between the debtor and the third party, the agreement cannot bind the creditor. But in real life, if the above principles are applied to machinery, it will cause unfair situation. For example, in this case, after a real estate company sells a commercial house to Yemou, if the real estate company completely ignores the fact that the commercial house involved has been resold to Cheng and Yang, it will greatly damage the expected interests of Cheng and Yang by negotiating with Yemou or canceling the contract through litigation.
In fact, when the buyer fails to perform the debt and the seller claims to exercise the right to terminate the contract, we are faced with a dilemma. Because, we can’t allow one party to maliciously default on the house payment and breach the contract at will, but prevent the other party from canceling the contract and taking back the house on the grounds that the house has been resold, resulting in the party’s house and money being empty. At the same time, we can’t let it go: after the developer sold the house to the buyer and the buyer resold it to the sub-buyer for many years, the developer and the buyer suddenly claimed that the buyer had already breached the contract for many years, the contract should be terminated and the house should be recovered. Because the contract between the developer and the buyer is fulfilled, usually only the parties themselves know, and outsiders have no way of knowing. If the above termination situation is allowed to happen at will, it will lead to the secondary buyer being in an unstable state forever. Therefore, the expectation right of the sub-buyer to obtain ownership according to the sales contract should be protected by law.
For the above dilemma, the third party’s performance rule established in Article 524 of the Civil Code gives a clear answer. The equilibrium point of the rights conflict between the two parties is that the sub-buyer can claim to exercise the right of performance on behalf of the seller. In this way, it not only protects the seller’s right to get the price, but also protects the expected interests of the sub-buyer. However, at the time of the judgment of this case, the civil code had not yet been promulgated, and only the provisions of the judicial interpretation of the aforementioned housing lease contract on the sub-lessee’s right to claim compensation could be referenced. This provision provides an important basis for the application of the law in this case: since the judicial interpretation of the house lease contract is to protect the sub-lessee’s right to lease and give the sub-lessee the right to compensate for the claim, as the sub-buyers of the house, Cheng and Yang, after purchasing the house involved, decorate the house involved and live for many years, their right to live should be protected. In the case that Cheng and Yang clearly agree to fulfill the obligation of housing payment to a real estate company on behalf of Ye, their expectation right to obtain housing ownership should also be protected. When a real estate company demands to terminate the contract on the grounds that Yemou has not fulfilled the obligation to pay the house price while knowing that the house is resold, it should ask the sub-buyers, Cheng Mou and Yang Mou, whether to exercise their performance rights. If the previous sales contract is dissolved without consulting the sub-buyer, and confirmed through litigation, if the sub-buyer fails to participate in the litigation due to reasons not attributable to him, the sub-buyer whose rights and interests are damaged has the right to request the court to cancel the effective judgment document.
[1] Law Press Regulations Center: Annotated Edition of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Contract Law, Law Press, 2017, p. 56.
[2] China Legal Publishing House: People’s Republic of China (PRC) Civil Code (Practical Edition), China Legal Publishing House, 2020, p. 354.
Source: Tongzhou court served a soldier in Beijing for trial.
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[Focus on Hot Spots] The voluntary application for the spring examination enrollment of ordinary colleges and universities in Shanghai in 2024 will begin at 9: 00 on February 19th (with hot questions

1. What are the characteristics of the spring examination enrollment institutions in this city in 2024?

Enrollment in spring examination (hereinafter referred to as "Spring Recruitment") is an important part of the comprehensive reform of college entrance examination in Shanghai. Its enrollment mode not only reflects the school-running characteristics of colleges and universities, but also fully respects the professional wishes of candidates.

The 26 institutions participating in the Spring Recruitment in 2024 are all undergraduate institutions, and the enrollment majors are all characteristic majors or applied undergraduate pilot majors.

2. What are the qualifications for volunteering for the spring exam in 2024?

Candidates’ total scores (including policy bonus points) in the unified cultural examination of the spring exam (Chinese, mathematics and foreign languages) must reach the minimum control line (255 points) for voluntary reporting of spring exam enrollment announced by the Municipal Education Examinations Institute. Among them, candidates who have graduated from high school this year must also obtain all qualified scores in the high school academic level qualification examinations of seven subjects, namely, ideological and political, history, geography, physics, chemistry, biology and information technology, before they are eligible to participate in voluntary reporting of spring enrollment.

3. Can senior three students with household registration in this city and other provinces and cities who have not passed the seven subjects of the senior high school level qualification test fill in the spring exam volunteers?

You can’t.

4. Can candidates who have participated in the 2024 spring exam and have the qualification to volunteer for the exam choose not to volunteer for the spring exam? Will it affect the participation in other types of exams such as the autumn college entrance examination?

You can choose not to fill in the spring exam volunteers. If candidates do not fill in the spring exam volunteers, they can still take other types of college entrance examinations in 2024 (independent enrollment at the specialist level according to law, unified college entrance examination in autumn, etc.).

5. How to arrange volunteering for the spring exam in 2024?

Candidates who meet the qualification of volunteering for the spring exam can apply atFrom 9: 00 to 22: 00 on Monday, February 19th, 2024, and from 9: 00 to 16: 00 on Tuesday, February 20th, 2024., log on to the "Shanghai Recruitment Hotline" website (www.shmeea.edu.cn) to fill in your volunteers.

Each candidate with the qualification of volunteering can fill in at most two professional volunteers, which can be two majors in the same institution or one major in different institutions. After the deadline for volunteering, candidates’ volunteer information may not be modified.

6. Candidates’ unified culture test scores reached 255 points. Can they take the professional independent test in colleges and universities?

No. Candidates’ unified cultural test scores in the spring exam have reached the minimum control line of volunteering, but they are qualified to volunteer.

The enrollment institutions willFebruary 22ndAnnounce the designated qualification lines for independent testing of various majors on the website of colleges and universities. Only when the score reaches the qualification line of the self-test of the major of the institution, can you qualify for the self-test of the major of the institution.

7. How is the qualification line for independent testing of all majors in enrollment colleges delineated?

After volunteering for the spring exam, the Municipal Education Examinations Institute will file the candidates’ information to the reported institutions. According to the enrollment charter published in advance, the scores of volunteer candidates and the announced enrollment plan, each school demarcates the qualification line of independent testing of each major in a corresponding proportion, in which public colleges and universities do not exceed 2 times the number of announced plans and private colleges do not exceed 3 times the number of announced plans.

8. How do candidates choose the time and place of independent testing if they are qualified for independent testing in colleges and universities?

Candidates who have completed the professional voluntary reporting and the total score of the unified cultural examination has reached the qualification line of the professional independent test of the reported institution will be qualified for the independent test of the corresponding institution. Candidates must be in23 -24 FebruaryLog on to the website of the pilot colleges and choose the time and place for independent testing.

9. Candidates who have obtained the qualification of independent testing in colleges and universities may still be admitted to colleges and universities if they have not taken the independent testing in colleges and universities.

According to the documents of the Municipal Education Commission, if a candidate is absent from the college independent test after obtaining the qualification of college independent test (including not choosing the time and place of college independent test and missing the test after choosing the time and place of college independent test, etc.), his college independent test scores will be counted into the total score of the spring test according to zero, and he will participate in the subsequent admission ranking of colleges.

Candidates are reminded to fill in the spring exam volunteers rationally and cautiously according to their own interests and wishes. If you can’t take the college independent test for some reason after filling in your volunteers, if the total score (unified cultural score+college independent test score) is at the top of the comprehensive ranking, there is also the possibility of being admitted to the college.

10. What should candidates pay attention to when choosing a professional volunteer for the spring exam?

Candidates must carefully read the enrollment regulations of the institutions they want to fill in before filling in their volunteers, and understand the requirements of relevant majors, the content and time of independent testing, admission rules, etc., paying special attention to the requirements of some enrollment majors on the ratio of male to female, the limit of single subject scores, physical conditions, etc., and ensuring that they meet the conditions before filling in. The enrollment institutions will also indicate the use of comprehensive quality evaluation information in the enrollment regulations, and candidates should also check and know in advance. Candidates who have questions about the above questions can directly consult the admissions institutions.

11. If the candidates’ scores reach the qualification line of independent test for two professional volunteers at the same time, can they take the independent test for two professional institutions? Do candidates who fill in two professional volunteers in the same university only need to take an independent test?

If the candidates have reached the qualification line of the independent test of the two professional volunteers, they can reasonably choose the independent test time according to their own situation and participate in the independent test organized by two colleges (or two majors in the same college).

Candidates who fill in the volunteers of two majors in the same university, if the independent test methods and contents of the two majors are different, must take the independent test of the two majors according to the arrangement of the enrollment institutions. Before taking the autonomous test, candidates must carefully compare the enrollment regulations and the implementation plan of the autonomous test published by the admissions colleges to understand the relevant information.

12. How do enrollment institutions determine the list of pre-admission candidates and alternate admission candidates?

According to the enrollment regulations published in advance, according to the unified cultural test results and the independent test results of colleges and universities, and referring to the comprehensive quality evaluation information of ordinary high school students, each pilot college selects the best candidates and determines the list of candidates for pre-admission and alternate admission.

According to the requirements of the documents of the Municipal Education Commission, the number of public pre-admission does not exceed the number of plans announced by each school; The remaining candidates can be announced as candidates for alternate admission in order, and the specific number is determined by each school (the proportion of candidates for alternate admission has been specified in the school’s spring recruitment charter).

6 -12 MarchAdmissions institutions shall publicize the list of pre-admission candidates and the list of alternate admission candidates on the school website as required. Candidates should check the relevant information on the website of the colleges and universities in time so as not to miss the time to confirm the admission.

13. How do all kinds of candidates who have been pre-admitted and alternate admitted by the spring examination enrollment institutions register their professional information?

13 -14 MarchAll kinds of candidates who have been pre-admitted and alternate admitted by the spring examination enrollment institutions will register their professional information and take online registration.

There are five categories of candidates who are pre-admitted and alternate by the spring examination enrollment institutions:Obtain two professional pre-admission qualifications;Only one professional pre-admission qualification is obtained;Obtain a professional pre-admission and a professional alternate admission qualification;Obtain a professional alternate admission qualification;Obtain two professional alternate admission qualifications.

For the registration process of professional information for all kinds of candidates, please refer to the online confirmation process list of pre-admission and alternate qualifications for spring enrollment of ordinary universities in Shanghai in 2024. Among them, candidates in state 24 participate in the follow-up admission sorting of spring recruitment without any operation; Status 135 Candidates must register online information within the specified time, and if they do not make a choice, they will also participate in the subsequent admission ranking.

Candidates who have not obtained any pre-admission and alternate admission qualifications can still take other types of college entrance examinations in 2024 (independent enrollment at the specialist level according to law, unified college entrance examination in autumn, etc.).

14. If candidates are pre-admitted in the spring exam, can they still take the subsequent college entrance examination?

I can’t. According to the documents of the Municipal Education Commission, pre-admitted candidates (including those who are included in the waiting list and are finally pre-admitted) are not allowed to take other examinations (including independent enrollment at the junior college level in 2024, unified college entrance examination in autumn, etc.) as stipulated in the Notice of Shanghai Education Commission on Doing a Good Job in the Enrollment of College Examinations in Shanghai in 2024 (No.40 [2023] of Shanghai Education Commission).

Compared with sending Manchester City to win the championship, Arteta’s "big job" of sending the forest to avoid relegation is more interesting.

Losing away to Nottingham Forest, Arsenal put an end to many suspense in one fell swoop before the final round started.

Because Arsenal lost three points, Manchester City won the Premier League title three rounds ahead of schedule. Many friends began to summarize the process that Arsenal occupied the top spot for 248 days, but failed to win the championship.

But in fact, starting from the three consecutive draws a month ago, this ending will not be surprising, not to mention Arsenal’s injuries in some key positions at the end of the season, which makes it logical to miss the championship.

However, not long ago, he vowed that Arteta, who wants to fight with Manchester City until the last moment in mathematics, lost to Nottingham Forest and helped his opponent to finish relegation one round ahead of schedule. His "big job" was very "interesting".

Of course, it’s interesting in a negative sense.

In this game, Arsenal formed a 343 wingless formation.

Viol, Gabriel and Ben White are three defenders, Thomas, jorginho, Odegard and Zaka are the four midfielders, and Trossat, Jesus and Saka are the three strikers.

Of course, with and without the ball, Arsenal’s position will change when the opponent’s attack direction is different, but this is the general division between the front, middle and back.

After the game, when asked why the defence was adjusted so much, Arteta gave the answer that "we faced many problems this week, and some players only trained for half an hour yesterday".

The implication is that you are forced to "live the whole life".

However, Arteta is not without methods to put out a traditional four-guard defense line.

Zincenko was injured, and Thirny was there all the time, but he couldn’t perform the tactical play of receiving the waistline in the full-back as skillfully as Zincenko did.

In this way, either forced Thirny to execute tactics, or because he changed to the traditional full-back tactics of going straight up and down, so in high probability, Arteta took the initiative to "live the whole life":

Since Thirny can’t play adduction tactics well, he simply doesn’t want this full-back position. Anyway, Zincenko adduction is equivalent to a lower back, so simply put an extra lower back, and then let Thomas, who can run and fight than jorginho, pull and defend like this:

However, the situation on the field is always more complicated than the idea on the tactical board.

After the opening ceremony, Arsenal’s structure in the center and backcourt was obvious. When there were three defenders and four midfielders, the four midfielders changed their receiving positions and running directions according to the situation:

Before the threat was made, the defensive end made a mistake first.

In the 7th minute, Nottingham Forest directly hit the right behind in a big space. viol worked very hard, but he still couldn’t bite Gibbs White:

After carrying the impact of the forest, Arsenal finally played something on the offensive end:

Especially this rib attack, it really shows the advantages of more people and more points in the middle and front court:

However, during this attack, a hidden problem was also exposed: the right half of the fans gathered and played so lively, but what about the left half?

When Jesus and his teammates go through the right rib together, they should attack the door from the left. Where is the man who outflanks the back?

As can be seen from the lens of this frontcourt attack, it is Zaka who contains the forest defense line on the weak side:

Of course, this season’s Zaka performed very well, and the offensive talent was set off by Arteta’s tactics, but compared with before, did Zaka have any bright play in this game?

In Arsenal’s constipation attack, can you think of a threatening attack in which Zaka participated?

Is this a personal problem for Zaka? No, because the attack from the back row is the same as the attack fixed in the core area. Is the difficulty the same?

This is Artta’s problem.

So in the first half, the most common scene of Arsenal’s attack was that Jesus, Saka and others fought for their lives in a narrow area in the right half, and they played individually:

It’s like receiving a special offensive task that can only be cut in from this side. As for the previous route and transfer from right to left, the first half completely disappeared, and even if it was a cross from the right, the outflanking in front of the door and the weak side was completely insufficient:

That’s probably what it looks like when you break an arm.

If it’s just an offense that doesn’t work, as a result, in the 19th minute of the first half, Odegard made a mistake to help Forest score a goal, and at the same time, it also strengthened their determination to put a bus in the backcourt:

It is more difficult for our side to attack, but the opponent’s defensive counterattack is more determined:

Therefore, in the first half, the biggest gain of Arteta’s big job was that they got 80% possession rate in the data, but the offensive attack could not be penetrated and the defense was not stopped.

After coming back in the second half, Arteta obviously made some adjustments in the dressing room, which is reflected in the fact that Jesus no longer often pulls to the right half, but stays in front of the door, thus giving Arsenal some meaning from the right cross:

But the whole left half of the fan is useless, because even if the space is obvious, Zaka and Kiviol on this side can’t use the space in the bottom line area:

The whole attack width can’t be opened, and the threat attack can only be hard chiseled from the right:

So in the 60-minute interval, Arteta overthrew his starting layout, replaced viol with Thirny, and covered the right road with Thomas, so he still insisted on his own content, except that Thirny was better than viol:

But in the last half hour, it is more likely to score the second goal from yourself or forest:

So after a big show, I lost 0-1 away.

In fact, from the result, the champion basically belongs to Manchester City. Even if this game wins the forest, Chelsea has no hope to intercept Manchester City, so it is nothing more than the difference between one day earlier and one day later.

However, compared with leaving suspense to the last moment of mathematics, the process of Arsenal losing the game and the process of many games being either flat or negative at the end of the season actually exposed a bad tactical trend of Artta:

I don’t care about the defensive end and the defensive turn.

In the draw with Liverpool and West Ham United, he gave the reason that he didn’t kill the game, let the relegated Southampton score three goals and play with Brighton.

If you can’t see the above games clearly, this game, with Thirny, directly cuts off the position of the left-back for the sake of its own system and attack, and creates a nondescript 343, resulting in a loss of evidence in attack and defense and playing such a game.

His master Guardiola used to play full-back, but this season he played stones’s top. He didn’t even say that he would directly cut a position on the back line. Arteta went further than his master.

Although he lost the championship, Arteta took Guardiola to extremes.

Happy childhood with heart to sunshine —— Panpan No.2 Primary School in Changsha held the Spring Track and Field Games.

New Hunan Client April 21st (correspondent Liao Canchang) On April 20th, the first spring track and field meeting of Panpan No.2 Primary School in Changsha County was grandly opened in order to enhance the physique of teenagers, cultivate students’ interests and hobbies in participating in sports activities, and form the habit of insisting on exercising.

Teams from all classes marched into the stadium with vigorous steps, and they were full of energy and spirits. Sebrina, secretary of the school party branch and principal, attended the opening ceremony, and Peng Fang, deputy secretary, announced the official opening of the sports meeting.

On the court, the judges pinch the watch and measure the inch, and abide by the principle of "accuracy, fairness and justice"; Athletes do their best and sweat hard.

The students of Panpan No.2 Primary School greeted the flowers and applause at the end with their firm faith in their hearts, steady pace at their feet and perseverance.

This article comes from Hunan Daily and only represents the author’s point of view. The national party media information public platform provides information dissemination and dissemination services.

ID:jrtt

C Ronaldo successfully proposed to Georgina, from luxury goods sales to becoming a mother of four children in two years!

C Ronaldo successfully proposed to Georgina, from luxury goods sales to becoming a mother of four children in two years!

Georgina Rodriguez, born in 1995, is the girlfriend of Serie A Juventus star Cristiano Ronaldo and once worked as a salesman in a luxury store. At the end of 2016, Georgina and Cristiano Ronaldo fell in love. On July 19, 2017, Serie A Juventus star Cristiano Ronaldo accepted an interview with the Spanish newspaper Le Monde. He confirmed for the first time that his girlfriend Georgina Rodriguez was pregnant.

On November 12th, 2017, Georgina gave birth to a daughter named Alana Martina in Keelung University Hospital. Probably at that time, Ronaldo was thinking about getting married. Later, Ronaldo became a father twice. In July 2017, C Ronaldo’s girlfriend Georgina’s social account paid attention to the INS of many wedding brands. British media believed that Georgina might have been choosing a wedding dress, which means that C Ronaldo may have made a wedding plan.

Georgina is a very attractive woman, who likes to do yoga at ordinary times. She has a very hot figure and a distinctive appearance. It is not surprising that such a woman can win Cristiano Ronaldo. A woman who knows how to control her figure is a self-disciplined person. In life, Georgina regards Ronaldinho as her own. In her career, Georgina has been with Cristiano Ronaldo. This woman knows how to advance and retreat and has built a warm family for Cristiano Ronaldo!

I usually show my love from time to time. For this little girlfriend, Cristiano Ronaldo is also very generous. Although some time ago, news about Cristiano Ronaldo’s bad sexual life was exposed, it did not affect the feelings of Cristiano Ronaldo and Georgina at all. After all, those are old things! Now is the most important thing. It can be seen from the eyes that Cristina is very fond of Cristina, and giving birth to three children in two years is enough to prove the crystallization of their love. Now Cristina has successfully proposed marriage, and Georgina is the mother of four children.

I don’t know how many single women will stay up all night tonight because of Cristiano Ronaldo. This lovelorn night should be very uncomfortable for them, but we should also celebrate that Cristiano Ronaldo, a single father, has finally started to have a stable family, and this family, with four lovely babies, is really huge!

After reading Georgina’s figure and face value, I still don’t know why Cristiano Ronaldo will be won by the goddess? Lazy you, why don’t you get up to self-discipline today, take exercise to maintain your skin and improve your temperament?