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Notice of the State Council on Approving the Opinions of the Customs Tariff Commission, the Ministry of Finance and State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China on the Second Step o

The State Council approved the Customs Tariff Commission,

The Ministry of Finance and State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China on the second step of cleaning up.

Notice on the opinions on the provisions of tariff and import link tax reduction and exemption

Guo Fa 1994 No.64


People’s governments of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, ministries and commissions and institutions directly under the State Council:

In order to give full play to the macro-control function of customs duties, import value-added tax and consumption tax (hereinafter referred to as import tax) on the national economy and ensure the revenue of the central government, we must strictly control the reduction or exemption of customs duties and import tax, speed up the clearance of customs duties and import tax reduction and exemption regulations, and strengthen tax collection and management. The State Council agreed to the Opinions of the Customs Tariff Commission, the Ministry of Finance and State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China on the Second Step of Clearing up the Provisions on Tariff and Import Link Tax Reduction and Exemption, which are hereby forwarded to you. Please press this.

No department, locality, unit or individual has the right to reduce or exempt tariffs and import link taxes. The State Council and its competent departments will not accept and approve the requests and reports from various regions and departments for tariff reduction and exemption and import link tax. In principle, financial subsidies at all levels and self-help in production should be adopted to solve the difficulties caused by poor areas and serious natural disasters. After the abolition of the provisions on tariff and import link tax reduction and exemption, the projects that are really difficult and need state support can be solved through financial and other channels at all levels. All regions and departments should proceed from the overall situation of the country, consciously safeguard the seriousness of the tax law, and strictly collect taxes and pay taxes according to regulations.

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　the State Council

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 December 29, 1994

(This article has been deleted)


Regarding the second step of clearing tariffs and

Opinions on the provisions of import link tax reduction and exemption

The State Council:

Tariff and import link tax are important means of macro-control of the economy and an important source of central fiscal revenue. At present, the nominal tariff rate in China is higher than the average tax rate in developing countries, but the actual tax rate is very low. The main reason for this situation is that there are too many provisions on tax reduction and exemption, which is not conducive to the integration of China’s economic system with international practices, the establishment of an equal competition mechanism in the socialist market economy, the healthy development of national economic construction, and the effective and reasonable evaluation of various investment projects by the state. Therefore, we must follow the principles of unification, standardization, fairness and openness, and speed up the cleaning up of the provisions on tariff and import link tax reduction and exemption. According to the spirit of the instructions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on cleaning up the policy-based tax reduction and exemption provisions, combined with the actual situation of the current national economic development, following the implementation of the first step of cleaning up the policy-based tax reduction and exemption documents approved by the State Council in December 1993, we, together with relevant departments, put forward the opinions on the second step of cleaning up the tariff and import link tax reduction and exemption provisions. The report is as follows:

I. Abolished policy provisions on tax reduction and exemption

(1) Provisions on tax exemption for goods imported with foreign loans.

At present, machinery and equipment, special vehicles and materials needed for project construction imported by foreign loans (including loans from foreign governments and international financial organizations) are exempt from customs duties and value-added tax. There are also provisions on tax reduction and exemption for the use of foreign commercial loans. It is suggested that all these provisions on tax reduction and exemption should be abolished as of January 1, 1995 (including those on the use of foreign exchange loans from China banks).

In order to facilitate a smooth transition, it is suggested to take transitional measures while canceling the above preferential policies, that is, the projects under construction that have signed the order contract before the abolition date and the projects that have not signed the order contract but have signed the loan agreement with foreign countries, and the goods imported before December 31, 1995, are still allowed to be exempted from customs duties and import value-added tax according to the original policy.

(2) Preferential tax provisions on office supplies.

After more than ten years of development, China has been able to produce most office supplies and basically meet domestic needs by introducing technology or cooperative production methods. It is suggested that from January 1, 1995, all office supplies imported by any region, enterprise or unit will be taxed according to regulations, and no tax exemption will be given.

(3) Provisions on duty-free import of special equipment and equipment for radio and television publicity.

At the end of last year, the duty-free regulations on imported foreign propaganda equipment and materials were abolished. It is suggested that the duty-free regulations on special equipment and equipment for radio and television propaganda and parts imported for assembling professional equipment and equipment for radio and television propaganda should be abolished as of January 1, 1995. Three key projects invested by the state, namely, china national radio Business Building, China International Broadcasting Center and Beijing Launch Station of the Ministry of Radio, Film and Television, were imported before December 31, 1995, and the equipment was still implemented according to the original regulations.

(four) Interim Provisions on the use of tax incentives to promote the optimization of technology introduction structure.

In 1991, the "Interim Provisions on Promoting the Optimization of Technology Import Structure by Using Tax Preferences" took the proportion of imported software and hardware as the basis for tax reduction and exemption, which did not conform to international practice and was difficult to operate. It is suggested that this provision be abolished as of January 1, 1995. In the future, if the equipment imported from such projects belongs to technical transformation projects, it can be handled according to the current relevant policies.

(5) Provisions on tax reduction and exemption for video products of TV programs imported by domestic TV stations.

In July, 1991, the Notice on Tax Exemption for TV Program Video Products Imported by Domestic TV Stations stipulated that taxable TV program video products should be granted tax exemption or reduction. In view of the rapid development of the production and production of domestic TV dramas and other TV programs, and the increasing advertising revenue, it is suggested that this tax reduction and exemption regulation be abolished as of January 1, 1995.

II. Adjusted provisions on tax reduction and exemption

(1) Preferential provisions on import tax for border and barter trade.

The current tax reduction and exemption policies for border trade and barter trade will be abolished when they expire on December 31, 1995. In view of the current backlog of plywood, asbestos and combine harvesters in the domestic market, and the difficulties in the operation of domestic production enterprises, it is suggested that the tax reduction and exemption for plywood, asbestos and combine harvesters imported through border trade, barter, donation and economic and technological cooperation projects with neighboring countries should be stopped from January 1, 1995, and the tax should be resumed at the statutory rate.

Cancel the provisions on tax reduction and exemption for the barter trade, general seafood imported by border trade in Yanbian and Ji ‘an, and materials imported by enterprises in special economic zones and the former Soviet Union, Eastern Europe and other countries. Since January 1, 1995, it will be implemented according to the current national unified tax policy for materials imported by border trade and barter trade. The barter imported materials for personal use in special economic zones are included in the management scope of materials for personal use.

(2) Provisions on tax exemption for imported sporting goods.

In the past 10 years, the management system of China’s sports teams and the technical level of domestic production of sporting goods have changed greatly. The relevant provisions in the Notice on the Tax Exemption of Imported Sports Equipment for Professional Teams of the Central and Provincial, Municipal and Autonomous Region Sports Committees formulated in 1983 should be adjusted. Since January 1, 1995, the objects enjoying tax exemption have been limited to the national teams belonging to the State Sports Commission, among which the variety of sportswear is limited to competition-specific clothing. Every year, the State Sports Commission submits an application, and the General Administration of Customs, jointly with relevant departments, examines and approves the total amount of duty-free imports, and taxes will be levied according to regulations if the total amount exceeds. For sports equipment and sportswear sponsored by foreign businessmen, after the General Administration of Customs coordinates the production department with relevant departments, the list of articles that cannot be produced in China will be approved and exempted from tax.

(3) Provisions on duty-free shops.

All kinds of duty-free shops (markets) set up in China at present, except those at exit ports, do not conform to international practice. It is suggested that the duty-free shops at ports of entry and the pilot foreign currency duty-free shops (fields) in the Special Zone should be abolished as of January 1, 1995. For other foreign currency duty-free shops in China, it is planned to make further investigation and study before putting forward suggestions for cleaning up. Prior to this, other domestic foreign currency duty-free shops (fields) should strengthen management and strictly implement relevant regulations.

Three, the abolition of specific and special cases of tax reduction and exemption provisions

(a) for those specific and special tax reduction and exemption provisions for individual projects, enterprises, institutions, products and special funds, as well as the temporary tax reduction and exemption provisions (a total of 44 items) approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council before issuing the Opinions on the Current Economic Situation and Strengthening Macro-control (Zhongfa [1993] No.6), the implementation shall be suspended from January 1, 1995. However, if an order contract has been signed according to the original provisions before December 31, 1994 and the procedures for tax reduction and exemption have been completed at the customs before January 31, 1995, it will still be implemented according to the original provisions. The Ministry of Finance may take appropriate care of the imported goods of national key construction projects and the implementation of government agreement trade, if there are difficulties due to the suspension of implementation of documents and regulations.

(II) Provisions on tax exemption of imported materials with foreign exchange of 10 million US dollars retained for tourism in Guilin (Guo Ban Tong [1991] No.25), provisions of the General Administration of Customs on tax reduction of imported raw materials of Wuhan Changfei Optical Fiber and Cable Company by half (No.963 [1992] of the General Administration of Customs), and provisions of the General Administration of Customs on granting tax exemption to materials and spare parts of program-controlled switches used in the import bureau of Tianjin Nikko Electronic Communication Industry Co., Ltd. (No.1555 [1992] of the General Administration of Customs)

Four, stop the provisions of tax reduction and exemption for some commodities.

For goods that have imported technology and produced in large quantities, can meet domestic needs, or the country has invested heavily and needs to properly protect their normal development, and the import tax rate has been basically reasonable, all tax reductions and exemptions will be abolished, and taxes will be resumed at the statutory rate, and the catalogue will be listed and implemented by stages. This time, 20 kinds of commodities are listed first (excluding spare parts and key parts imported by designated enterprises producing such products for production), and it is suggested that tax reduction and exemption should be stopped from January 1, 1995, regardless of any mode of trade, any region, enterprise, unit or individual. However, it is excluded from the international treaties that belong to international organizations (excluding non-governmental organizations) and foreign governments and that China has concluded or acceded to, as well as the agreements signed between our government and other governments that can enjoy tax reduction or exemption. The provisions that all kinds of people going abroad, Taiwan compatriots and overseas Chinese (excluding foreign Chinese) can bring them into China duty-free or buy these items duty-free at home are temporarily retained.

V. Measures for the implementation of the approved quota for imported goods with tax reduction or exemption in specific areas

In order to strengthen the management of imported goods in specific areas, the measures for the management of approved quotas are implemented for goods that can be imported with tax reduction or exemption in specific areas according to regulations, and tax reduction or exemption is granted within the approved quotas (in which specific amounts are listed separately for some key commodities), and goods imported in excess of the quotas are taxed at the statutory tax rate. This method is first tried out in special economic zones. In 1995, the quota of materials imported by special economic zones for their own use was studied and put forward by the State Planning Commission in conjunction with relevant departments and submitted to the State Council for approval.

With the development of the national economy, the supply of market materials in the special zone has been greatly improved, and the total foreign exchange used in 1995 for market materials imported by the special zone at half tax was controlled within 200 million US dollars. Since January 1, 1996, the provisions on semi-tax import of market materials in special economic zones have been abolished.

Since January 1, 1995, if the import value-added tax is reduced or exempted for imported goods according to regulations, it will not be deducted when calculating the domestic value-added tax.

Clearing up the provisions on tariff and import link tax reduction and exemption is an important measure to implement the spirit of the 14th Party Congress, the decisions of the 3rd and 4th Plenary Sessions of the 14th CPC Central Committee and the spirit of the Central Economic Work Conference, and to establish a socialist market economic system. Next year, in accordance with the spirit of the instructions of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, we will study and put forward suggestions on further cleaning up the provisions on tariff and import link tax reduction and exemption, and submit them to the State Council for approval.

If there is nothing wrong with the above opinions, please forward them to all regions and departments for implementation.

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　The State Council Customs Tariff Commission

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Finance and politics　 　 　department

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　State Administration of Taxation

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 December 16, 1994

Exclusive interview with Wang Xiaochuan： It is a pity that sogou has not listed in China, and it is the general trend to return to A shares.

Wang Xiaochuan has made many breakthroughs in 2018. At the end of last year, sogou fulfilled his dream of 14 years and successfully listed on the NYSE; At the beginning of this year, CEO Wang Xiaochuan was elected as a new member of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference for the first time.

As one of the most famous Internet entrepreneurs in China, Wang Xiaochuan has unique and profound views on the Internet. When interviewed by reporter Hu Ling in the program "Mobile Parliament Hall of the National People’s Congress and the National People’s Congress" of Phoenix. com, Wang Xiaochuan not only talked about the development of sogou and her own life, but also talked about monopoly, innovation and blockchain.

CDR is a topic that Internet bosses are most concerned about in this year’s two sessions. As a rookie in the capital market, Wang Xiaochuan was inevitably asked this topic. He said that if CDR or other means can be used, sogou is very willing to return to the domestic motherboard market.

"I am sorry that sogou has not been listed in China." As a result of IPO in US stock market, users and investors in sogou split into two groups. Because users should be the group that understands products best and makes more effective investment decisions, their attention to sogou can also amplify the brand ability of products. On the contrary, when new products are released, investors in sogou will become users in sogou. As long as such an internet company can succeed, it will grow very fast, and at the same time it will bring a positive cycle: investors can share the growth benefits of the company simultaneously.

Now listed overseas, investors and users are separated, and the product lacks a channel to penetrate into users.

"So I think it is the general trend to be able to return to A shares. This national policy has solved our other mechanism problems. I think it is a very good thing for our company, for the whole Internet company, and even for the whole enterprise that can serve the public." Wang Xiaochuan said.

As for how to return to A-shares, he believes that we should still follow the direction encouraged by the state. He said, "The opening of CDR is the best way to solve the problem with the least change."

This is a giant era. In recent years, BAT has been actively deployed in almost every innovation field. As Ma Yun, Ma Huateng and Ma Dongmin are the chairmen of Alibaba and Tencent and the major shareholders of Baidu respectively, some people jokingly said that the Internet in China is going to be named Ma.

Although the giants seem to be in control of the fate of all enterprises, Wang Xiaochuan is still optimistic about the development of the Internet. He feels that if the development of science and technology industry is viewed in a longer time dimension, the pace of innovation will not stop. It’s like the birth of Microsoft broke the monopoly of IBM, followed by Google, which seemed to dominate the world, and Facebook was killed halfway.

His other reason is that the Internet may gradually penetrate into many national economies and people’s livelihood in the future, and there will be no Internet companies in the future. "In 2007 and 2008, Sohu will also set up a mobile business unit; But now if a company has a mobile division, it is finished. "

Even today’s two "horses", they have not inhibited innovation. Innovation is still emerging, just like Meituan before and bike-sharing now. These emerging companies are also willing to form alliances with giants to help them develop faster.

Therefore, Wang Xiaochuan’s point of view is: "In this era, if everyone really wants to use the word monopoly, monopoly is not eternal."

In addition, monopoly does not necessarily bring global harm. Taking the relationship between Tencent and sogou as an example, Wang Xiaochuan explained that Tencent finally realized that Tencent’s search was not as good as that of sogou, and gave all the search teams to sogou. Now the Chengdu branch in sogou is a branch of Tencent.

Every stage of Internet development seems to be accompanied by a bubble. In the past two years, everyone was still worried about whether there were too many bubbles in artificial intelligence. This year, the fanaticism of blockchain made more people stunned.

The bubble of artificial intelligence is different. A few times ago, the so-called artificial intelligence era came, and as a result, there was nothing after the ebb tide. Now artificial intelligence has reached a new stage, and the current capital inflow belongs to "capital began to enter, and the money invested today is 100 times and 1000 times higher than before." When we settle down, you find that it is rewarding, which has changed life. "　　　　

However, the bubble of blockchain means cost for ordinary people. "It is best for Bitcoin to have an access mechanism because the risks are higher." When it comes to blockchain, Wang Xiaochuan is worried. "Only in this way can we encourage and protect more innovation."

The popularity of blockchain is rising so fast that even Wang Xiaochuan is worried about falling behind, and this worry is still very strong. Some time ago, a friend who was studying biology came to ask him about the blockchain. As a result, this friend studied more deeply than his computer major. Wang Xiaochuan said that it was impossible, so he quickly made up for it himself. From technology to business and political events inside, he finally understood the blockchain.

"Blockchain is a decentralized and highly anarchic thing. In political practice, it has its own problems. If it is not careful, it will be centralized, or if it is not centralized, it will be inefficient. We are concerned about how it can establish a certain central influence. " Now Wang Xiaochuan has been able to talk about this topic Kan Kan, and completely found his own feelings.

In order to stay behind, Wang Xiaochuan began to play the glory of the king these days. Because he found that many articles will mention some of the terms, and now he can’t read the articles without playing games. However, because there is no special time to play, his level is really bad.

In addition to worrying about falling behind, Wang Xiaochuan also has some other anxieties. For example, he wants to go back to the company to reach a consensus on his business now. This science and technology man rarely shows a little literary cell: "The plan for one year lies in spring, and now spring is almost over."　　　　

Looking back over the past ten years, there may be some things that could have been done better, but now, after all, we can’t go back to the past, so Wang Xiaochuan has nothing to regret, only that he has experienced setbacks and failures and gained various experiences. When the company didn’t go public, the only indicator that the outside world looked at sogou was the market share of search. Now the CEO has really lost some burdens and started to talk about his ambitions for the future — — Make something cool.

How to understand cool things? For example, the translation machine introduced by sogou some time ago can solve the problem of information exchange, which is cool in his view. What sogou wants to do is not another Google or Baidu, but something of its own combined with the reality of China, and its investment and strategy have to be upgraded.

In addition to Sogou CEO, Wang Xiaochuan has another famous title, that is, the bachelor in the Internet business. In an interview with Hu Li, Wang Xiaochuan rarely responded to this topic.

He said that he is not looking for a girlfriend, and personal problems will be slowly put on the agenda. However, when it comes to this relatively romantic thing, he still showed his nerd thinking: "But there is a good thing. Today, due to the highly developed biotechnology, people can have a longer protection time, so they can have some comfort for themselves."

Article 20 The final total box office was 2.454 billion, which set 9 movie history records!

The 2024 Spring Festival movies witnessed the amazing performances of two films, namely Pegasus 2 and Article 20. On May 10th, these two high-profile films ended their release journey, and each set a new historical record at the box office.

According to the data of Lighthouse Professional Edition, the final cumulative box office of Pegasus 2 reached 3.398 billion yuan, which not only broke three film history records, but also ranked 15th in the box office list of China film history. Since its release, this film has won wide acclaim from the audience with its intense plot and exquisite performance.

At the same time, the performance of "Article 20" was not too good, and the film finally closed at 2.454 billion yuan, successfully breaking nine film history records, and firmly ranked 28th in the box office list of China film history. This work has touched the heartstrings of countless audiences with its unique perspective and profound social insight.

The success of these two films is not only reflected in the box office figures they created, but also in how they inspired the audience to think deeply about life and society through the art form of movies. Every scene and every line in the film is a profound reflection of reality, which gives people both visual enjoyment and spiritual baptism in the process of watching movies.

With the ending of these two films, their position in film history has been firmly established. In the future, they will continue to occupy a place in the film history of China, constantly inspiring and inspiring more creators and audiences. These two works not only enrich China’s cultural industry, but also inject new vitality and inspiration into the development of China films.

Focus on the two sessions, make suggestions and suggestions： punish network chaos and protect personal information

　　The Government Work Report proposes to strengthen network security, data security and personal information protection. Internet governance has also become a hot topic for CPPCC members this year. Many members suggested that legislation should be strengthened to regulate the application of data algorithms to better protect personal privacy and information security.

　　In recent years, data abuse problems such as big data killing, illegal collection and excessive consumption have emerged constantly, which has continuously raised the public’s expectations for network governance. Jiang Haoran, a member of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, said that behind the chaos is the excessive collection and abuse of data. How to clarify the ownership of data elements and promote the compliant collection, trusted application and moderate sharing of data resources are important issues facing network governance.

　　Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference Commissioner Jiang HaoranThe relevant departments have passed legislation, which (data) can be used and which can’t be used.

　　At the same time, criminals use illegally obtained citizen information, mainly in the form of fraudulent apps and phishing websites, and conduct targeted fraud by means of financial management and making friends, making online scams impossible to prevent. Zhang Yunyong, a member of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, suggested that the anti-fraud algorithm model should be used to intensify the crackdown on fraud crimes at home and abroad.

　　Zhang Yunyong, member of Chinese People’s Political Consultative ConferenceFor the latest online fraud, information leakage, etc., it can be accurately identified through artificial intelligence algorithms. I believe that our data model has accumulated for a while, and these are not problems. Management and legislation should be strengthened. Because 80%, 90% or more of these fraud-related cases are abroad, it needs some close international cooperation and some judicial linkage.

　　Cyber violence has occurred from time to time in recent years. Pi Jianlong, a member of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, believes that there are still some problems in curbing and cracking down on cyber violence in China, such as difficulties in obtaining evidence from cyber violence victims, lack of recourse and lack of platform subject responsibility.

　　Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference Commissioner Pi Jianlong: I suggest that the relevant departments should intensify the crackdown, and the public security departments that can file a case should try their best to file a case, so that the platform can manage customers and the government can manage the platform.

Changzhou Haval second generation big dog price reduction information, the latest offer 125,800! Quantity is limited

The Autohome Changzhou Promotion Channel brings good news and is in the midst of a high-profile price reduction promotion. In this busy car market in Changzhou, car buyers will usher in a car buying opportunity not to be missed. At present, Haval’s second-generation big dog is offering unprecedented discounts, with a cash discount of up to 10,000 yuan, making the already close-to-the-people price even more accessible. The starting price has been reduced to 125,800 yuan, which is very tempting. If you want to seize this preferential opportunity, don’t miss it. Just click "Check Car Price" in the quotation form and you will have the opportunity to get higher preferential treatment. Take action now to add more benefits to your ideal car!

常州哈弗二代大狗降价信息，最新报价12.58万！数量有限

Haval’s second-generation big dog attracts attention with its unique appearance design. The front part of its face adopts a family-style domineering grille, and the delicate lines outline the combination of power and movement. The air intake grille uses a large area of black grid, which contrasts with the headlights, showing a strong recognition. The overall style is tough and stylish, and the body lines are smooth, giving people a visual feeling that is both stable and dynamic, perfectly demonstrating the off-road style of Haval’s second-generation big dog.

常州哈弗二代大狗降价信息，最新报价12.58万！数量有限

Haval’s second-generation big dog gives the body a unique visual charm with its smooth side design. The body size is 4705mm x 1908mm x 1780mm, and the wheelbase is up to 2810mm, ensuring the comfort of the interior space. The front and rear wheelbases are 1641mm and 1640mm respectively, showing good stability and driving texture. The exquisite tire size is 235/60 R19, and the elegant wheel design not only enhances the vehicle’s sense of movement, but also further enhances the grip and handling performance during driving.

常州哈弗二代大狗降价信息，最新报价12.58万！数量有限

The interior design of Haval’s second-generation big dog is dominated by modern simplicity and practicality. It adopts a delicate leather steering wheel, which not only feels comfortable to the touch, but also supports manual up and down and front and rear adjustment, so that the driver can find the best operation angle. The 14.6-inch large-size central control screen stands in the center of the dashboard, integrating multimedia, navigation, telephone and other functions, providing an intuitive and convenient operation experience in the car. In terms of seats, imitation leather and leather materials are used. The front seats are equipped with heating and ventilation functions. The driver’s seat also supports electric seat memory, ensuring the comfort of the driver. At the same time, the seat supports multi-directional adjustment of front and rear, back and waist support, allowing the occupant to adjust to the most comfortable position according to their needs. In addition, the reasonable distribution of USB/Type-C interfaces in the car meets the charging needs of passengers, while the wireless charging function of mobile phones provides additional convenience in the front row. The overall interior design takes into account both practicality and luxury, creating a warm and technological driving environment.

常州哈弗二代大狗降价信息，最新报价12.58万！数量有限

Haval’s second-generation big dog is equipped with a powerful power heart, the 1.5T engine, with a maximum power of 135 kilowatts and a power output of 184 horsepower. This L4 engine can burst 275 Nm of peak torque, and with a 7-speed wet dual-clutch transmission, it ensures that the vehicle can show excellent performance and driving pleasure in all road conditions.

To sum up, Autohome owners praise the design of Haval’s second-generation big dog, believing that it has the temperament of hard-line off-road, streamlined body and unique lighting design make it unique in the traffic, and the return rate is very high. He said that these characteristics just meet his personal preferences, which makes him fall in love at first sight, and I believe that other friends who are interested in off-road and fashion design will feel the same way.

＂Ace to Ace＂ Chen He’s Captain ＂Iron Triangle＂ Reunion Interpretation ＂Ji Xiaolan Later＂

Video: Ace to Ace Seventh Trailer: Thief Saint Yizhi Mei appears, and Chen He does things on behalf of the class!


《王牌对王牌》陈赫代班队长“铁三角”重聚演绎“纪晓岚后传”


《王牌对王牌》陈赫代班队长“铁三角”重聚演绎“纪晓岚后传”


《王牌对王牌》陈赫代班队长“铁三角”重聚演绎“纪晓岚后传”


Zhejiang TV vivo "Ace to Ace" will broadcast the seventh episode of its second season at 20:45 on March 3 (Friday). Last week, "Ace to Ace" staged the "harem special", and many beauties gathered in the hall, and the hidden "one-branch plum" made netizens speculate. After a week of waiting, the identity of "one-branch plum" will finally be revealed this week. In the show, Song Qian not only transformed into "Mammy Rong" and needled Wang Likun’s version of "Ziwei Gege", but also performed a hot pole dance, while Liu Xiaoqing continued to recreate the classic, playing "Wu Zetian" and the 6-year-old actor, conquering the audience.


Enter the Blueberry Video to watch the latest full video of "Ace vs. Ace" > >


In addition, in another theme this week, Chen He will lead the "young actor team" composed of Ma Su, Lin Gengxin, Lou Yixiao, and Sun Yizhou as the "substitute captain". PK Wang Yuan, Zhang Guoli, Jiang Wenli, Zhang Tielin, Wang Gang, and Chen Jianbin formed the "classic old drama team". Zhang Guoli, Zhang Tielin, and Wang Gang, the three "Iron Triangle" in "Iron Tooth and Bronze Tooth Ji Xiaolan", will also perform the "Ji Xiaolan Later Legend" in the classic image of the play after a lapse of many years. There are even more mysterious "surprise guests" who can make the three of them stunned at the scene, which is expected.


Song Qian transforms into a nanny and performs an ancient costume version of pole dance



Last week, the exciting and fun "Palace Theater" became the most popular part of the audience. At the beginning of this episode, Cai Shaofen, Song Qian and others will continue to challenge the classics.


In the show, Liu Xiaoqing continued to reproduce the classics this week, and will play Wu Zetian’s image against the "sons" of childhood and adolescence, respectively. The superb acting skills of the two "sons" conquered everyone on the scene. Song Qian, Zhang Hanyun, and Wang Likun restored the scene of "Sister Rong needling Ziwei in a small dark room" in "Huanzhu Gege". Song Qian, who originally belonged to the "idol department", played Mammy Rong quite well, "fierce" so that her voice was hoarse, and the reduction degree was extremely high.


In addition to recreating the plot, Song Qian also performed "Mammy is Crazy" in the "Ultimate Talent Showdown", showed off her dancing skills, and even staged a "Mammy Edition" pole dance, which was hot.


"Iron Triangle" reunion, Zhang Guoli, Zhang Tielin, Wang Gang reproduce "Iron Tooth Bronze Tooth Ji Xiaolan"




This week, in addition to revealing the identity of "Yizhi Mei", "new and old actors PK" is also a big attraction. At the beginning of the show, "Love Apartment" and "Three Swordsmen" shouted Mai on the spot against "Iron Tooth Bronze Tooth Ji Xiaolan" and "Iron Triangle", which looked very explosive.


Afterwards, Lin Gengxin also played a "irony competition" with Zhang Guoli. Lin Gengxin came up directly and asked "Which of the three of you has the best acting skills?", which made Zhang Guoli have to "yell at" his good partner, and the wonderful reaction made the audience laugh again and again. Then the old drama team also responded to him with their own way, asking Chen He "Is it because of Chen Kaige in the love apartment?" Faced with this question that has been discussed by the outside world, what is Chen He’s answer?


The "Iron Triangle" has reunited after many years. In addition to constantly fighting each other on the stage, it also re-interpreted "The Afterlife of Ji Xiaolan with Iron Teeth and Bronze Teeth". Familiar figures, classic characters, and playful dialogues immediately brought everyone back to the era of chasing dramas. It is worth mentioning that a special guest came to the show, which surprised the "Iron Triangle".


Who can make the "Iron Triangle" so moved? What will be the highlight of the three complaining to each other? More exciting, all in the evening of March 3rd (Friday) Zhejiang Satellite TV "ace to ace", so stay tuned.

Monster charging battery life quality road

Technological innovation, standards leading, service empowering

– – Monster charging battery life quality road

Monster Charging has only been established for 4 years, and has developed from an entrepreneurial recruit to an industry leader. How can an industry recruit stand out in the industry with strong hands, how to meet the changing market demand, and how to ensure that the service is not left behind under the rapidly growing user scale? Challenges have made Monster Charging team more and more brave, and it has won the recognition of both merchants and users with service and quality. As a new army in the industry, Monster Charging has become the first company in the industry in less than 4 years. Relying on strong Internet of Things technology, big data analytics capabilities, and battery technology, Monster Charging provides shared charging services in multiple scenarios for more than 286 million users around the world. By the end of 2021, Monster Charging will serve 1700 + regions across the country, with 845,000 points (POI).

Breaking the stock, based on the scene to consolidate the scale

Unlike many Internet industries that directly talk to users, the shared charging industry implements a B2B2C model, in other words, as long as you capture the merchant (B), you can reach the majority of users (C). The diversity of merchants determines the diversification of shared charging application scenarios, which directly affects the height of the industry ceiling.

The catering scene where the shared power bank started is one of the scenarios with the highest penetration rate in the industry at present. The competition in the stock market is often extremely fierce. Nowadays, in a large number of small and medium-sized catering stores and retail stores, it is very common for multiple shared charging brands to coexist. In this context, breaking into the incremental market has almost become the unanimous choice of the head shared charging companies. As an industry leader, Monster Charging has long jumped out of the fierce battle of first-line catering, constantly unlocking new scenarios, seeking a diverse scene layout, and entering the user incremental market.

During the epidemic, rigid demand scenarios such as medical care, transportation, and hotels have become incremental markets against the trend. According to the "China Shared Power Bank Industry Insights 2020" released by Analysys International, during the epidemic, "convenience" has become the key word for the layout of the shared charging industry scene. Since 2020, Monster Charging has continuously deepened the layout of public convenience service scenarios, and established cooperation with Beijing-Zhangjiakou High-speed Railway, Xi’an Railway Group, Guangzhou Baiyun Airport, Hangzhou Metro, Nanjing Metro, Shanghai Ferry, Shenzhen Sun Yat-sen University Affiliated Hospital, and United Family Hospital. On the front line of urban anti-epidemic, Monster Charging has solved the worries of front-line workers by providing free emergency charging services to epidemic prevention point healthcare workers and community volunteers.

After several years of development, the market’s acceptance of shared charging as a convenient service has reached a high level, and at this time, Monster Charging has also begun to build a charging network in sinking cities with the help of large chain merchants. In June 2021, Monster Charging joined hands with KFC to open 3,000 points across the country.

According to the "Shared Charging Industry Report for the First Half of 2021" released by Euromonitor International, in the first half of 2021, Monster Charging maintained its leading position in the industry with a GMV share of 40.1%, and consolidated its leading position in the industry by deepening cooperation with leading KA.

The report pointed out that the first half of 2021 shared charging industry still maintained a high growth rate, the first half of the industry GMV (total transaction volume) of about 5.28 billion yuan, an increase of 5.9%. In the second half of the year, due to the continuous increase in points, long holidays, the number of trips is expected to rise and other reasons, it is expected that the GMV of 2021 will exceed 10 billion yuan.

Brand-driven, helping audiences continue to break through circles

As a technology consumer brand facing 100 million users, Monster Charging clearly recognizes the serious problem of product homogeneity in the shared charging industry. Exploring forward, Monster Charging has found an important growth engine for the brand – understanding and meeting the consumer needs and emotional demands of the new generation of "consumer powerhouses" such as Generation Z. Therefore, even in the early stage, Monster Charging maintains its own unique brand tone.

At the end of 2018, Monster Charging had in-depth insights into user behavior and related preferences, and held hands with Luhan Wish Season to launch the "Practice Public Welfare Uninterrupted Power" treasure hunt for the first time in the city. The event attracted more than 20 million people to experience the customized treasure of Luhan Wish Season, and the total exposure on all major platforms exceeded 120 million people. The successful landing of the event opened the prelude to the integration of Monster Charging’s strong IP. Then, in order to quickly occupy the minds of users, Monster Charging’s high-frequency leveraged the influence of stars and classic IP to accelerate the penetration of fans, two-dimensional yuan and other young people gathered in the cultural circle.

Through the original "treasure hunt in the whole city" activity created by Monster Charging, Monster Charging and its partners have created many excellent cross-border marketing cases beyond the rigid demand of charging. For example, cooperation with stars such as Wu Qingfeng and Wang Jiayer, as well as IP linkage with Marvel, LINE FRIENDS, Nautical King set sail, and Dare to reach the decisive battle. In the current new context of consumption upgrading and consumer behavior becoming increasingly symbolic, with the help of its own original omni-channel marketing model, Monster Charging has found new opportunities in further digging channel value, expanding user retention, and brand value precipitation – using the innovative combination of modern technology and traditional cultural symbols to empower brands to achieve both economic and social benefits.

In recent years, Monster Charging has launched a number of creative treasure products such as Mahjong Treasure, Five Elements Treasure, Huacai Treasure, Regional Treasure, and Intangible Cultural Heritage Treasure across the country. The launch of Creative Treasure coincides with the rise of the national tide and the recovery of national aesthetics. On the one hand, Monster Charging draws content and innovative nutrients from excellent traditional culture, leveraging existing traditional cultural elements and highly imaginative presentations to reduce the cost of brands being discovered and remembered. On the other hand, as a technology consumer enterprise, Monster Charging relies on service networks and creative treasures to bring culture to people, and then combines the forms of treasure hunting in the whole city, online interactive H5, topic marketing, and cross-border cooperation with intangible cultural heritage to spread excellent culture and "awaken" consumers’ memory and cultural confidence in traditional art.

As a result, Monster Charging has also turned from a well-known "shared charging service operator" to a "participant in Guochao creative products". 12 creative treasures including Huacaibao, intangible heritage treasure, and regional treasure won the "Annual Innovative Creative Products" of the 2021 Future Life Festival and the "Guochao New Fashion and Trendy Products List" of the 2021 Guochao New Consumer Conference respectively.

In addition to audience circles, the endless brand ideas of Monster Charging have undoubtedly had a huge feedback effect on its main power bank business. In November 2020, Monster Charging Strategy signed a contract with Shanghai Disney Resort, becoming the first official partner of Shanghai Disney Resort to share charging services. The "Disney version" of Monster Charging Cabinets is perfectly integrated into the park attractions. In places such as Barbosa BBQ in Treasure Bay, Pinocchio Country Kitchen in Dream World, and Star Terrace Restaurant in Tomorrow’s World, the colorful and varied Monster Charging Cabinets allow tourists to enjoy convenient services while immersing themselves in the original Disney story experience.

Quality first, ensure complete service life

At the beginning of the birth of the shared charging industry, the development was not as rapid as it is today. The root cause was the service and quality of the product that held back. The rise of Monster Charging is precisely after gaining insight into consumer needs, it opened up the market with more perfect, advanced and intelligent products. Monster Charging’s software and hardware products have undergone layer-by-layer optimization from desktop fixed charging seat to "three-wire in one" mobile power bank, from scanning code return to direct plug return treasure, from payment of deposit to multi-platform credit free deposit, etc., solving the problems of incompatible device charging interface and complicated operation process, and gradually lowering the threshold for users to use. Convenient and easy to obtain, and the characteristics of borrowing and returning at any time meet the users’ short-term, emergency and external instant charging needs.

At present, all shared power banks on the market use lithium-ion batteries as energy storage media. In order to maintain a good use experience, the medium has certain requirements for temperature and cycle times. As a product that consumers "never leave their hands", in the "shared" use environment, the safety and stability of the product determine the consumer’s use experience and reputation.

In terms of safety, Monster Charging is based on the mature domestic mobile power supply hardware supply chain resources, combining solid hardware production technology with advanced Internet of Things technology. In long-term market practice, through the continuous optimization of software and hardware technology, it has realized flexible monitoring of key indicators such as online shared power bank performance and safety. With the support of the experienced Xiaomi ecological chain, Monster Charging detects various abnormal situations such as hardware overtemperature, overcurrent, foreign objects, and malicious damage 24/7. At present, the company’s products have passed CCC certification, SRRC certification, CQC certification, UL certification, air and sea transportation certification and other product safety certifications. It is also the first shared charging brand in the industry to hold the new national standard certification of mobile power supply (GB/T 35590-2017). Since then, Monster Charging has also independently developed a complete set of bottom-level Internet of Things communication protocols, applying Internet of Things technology and big data platform to monitor end point devices in real time, effectively reducing the probability of pop-up failure treasure, and with the help of self-developed digital management system to refine auxiliary front-line operations, to provide guarantee for continuous and stable output services.

In order to enhance the company’s all-round competitiveness, Monster Charging obtained ISO270001:2013 information security management system certification in 2020, ISO9001 series quality management system certification in 2021, and has continued to complete the three-level filing of information security protection for many years. From the aspects of quality system, information security and other aspects to continuously serve the majority of merchants and consumers to build a whole security system.

In terms of Client Server, Monster Charging provides 7 × 24-hour OurHours, omnichannel service access, real-time dynamic big data monitoring, achieving 15-second service response, adhering to the user-first value, and creating a closed-loop service to ensure the service response and service experience of merchants and consumers.

With high-quality and comprehensive service and stable and safe product quality, Monster Charging has become a service provider for many official event venues. From the two consecutive CIIE in Shanghai to large-scale exhibitions such as the Beijing International Book Fair and the Beijing Wedding Expo, it has continued to provide convenient and efficient portable charging services for guests, staff and volunteers from all over the world.

The industry broke down, and the market ushered in the spring of agents

Penguin think tank released the "lower-tier market consumption & entertainment white paper" shows that in the third-tier and below, the scale of mobile Internet users aged 18-45 in the lower-tier market is about 396 million, and the average daily time of Internet users is more than 5 hours, of which 25.8% is more than 8 hours.

In the process of urbanization construction, the business development of the lower-tier market is changing with each passing day. With the continuous downward penetration of first-line internet services, the demand for power renewal in multiple scenarios has begun to appear. A number of areas dominated by agents have also emerged all over the country. For shared charging head enterprises, after the competition in the past few years, relying only on self-operated teams has been unable to meet market demand. With agents and franchisees as the main ones, it has become an inevitable choice to penetrate into the deeper lower-tier market.

In 2022, shared charging companies led by Monster Charging have come up with the latest investment promotion policies. Some areas that were originally dominated by small brands will face the competition of leading brands this year. Leading companies will reduce the dimensionality of small and medium-sized players in terms of products, services and merchant policies.

Generally speaking, the accumulation of leading brands in product quality and after-sales services is more friendly to agents entering the industry for the first time; while the agent will give priority to the big brand sharing power bank industry, there is no obvious strong and weak relationship between the brand and the agent. Most of the cooperation between the two parties is based on two-way selection – the agent will give priority to the big brand, and the brand will also favor the agent with more resources in the regional market. As a leader in the shared power bank industry and a listed company, Monster Charging also has many advantages in supporting the agent. For example, Monster Charging has accumulated a complete set of business experience system for the training of agents. Its training content is rich and detailed, including the negotiation process and summary of words for various industries and various stores. In addition to technical support and after-sales support, Monster Charging’s channel managers have also been refined to the municipal level. On average, every 2 to 3 prefecture-level cities will have a full-time channel manager to provide agents with one-to-one operational assistance.

Industry experts pointed out that in order to accelerate the construction of agency channels, major shared power bank brands have tried their best. The lowering of the agency threshold will bring new business opportunities to the industry and agents.

The "China Sharing Economy Development Report (2022) " released by the State Information Center recently pointed out that the competition in the field of shared power banks will continue to intensify, the advantages of leading enterprises will be further strengthened, the brand effect will be more prominent, and the survival and development of tail brands will face greater pressure. At the moment of repeated epidemics and intensified competition, with the continuous investment of leading enterprises in agents, the industry may have a new inflection point. Monster Charging, which holds the two "golden keys" of quality and service, will also meet new challenges and embark on a new journey. (Data source: Monster Charging)

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"China Quality News"

Chaoyang： 27 shopping malls settled in the consumption map

　　Original title: Chaoyang 27 shopping malls settled in the consumption map

　　On the afternoon of February 28, the launching ceremony of the 2023 Tide Chaoyang · Consumption Season and the theme salon of trendy new consumption development trends were held. 27 shopping malls simultaneously settled in the consumption map, which will provide consumers with more accurate travel suggestions.

　　Chaoyang is a major consumer area in the capital, and CBD and Sanlitun are the top three business districts in the city. The 2023 Chaoyang consumer season will run through the whole year, so that "there are activities every week, and there are bright spots every month", and continue to expand the brand effect and influence of "Chaoyang".

　　"2023 is a key year for consumption to boost economic development. We will give full play to the guiding role of policies in the consumption season, create a prosperous and orderly consumption environment, and support enterprises to carry out innovative consumption activities." According to the relevant person in charge of Chaoyang District, Metro Line 14, Liangmahe and CBD form the consumption map of the whole region. Chaoyang District will promote the development of important commercial nodes in the direction of trend innovation, cultivate consumption hotspots, and drive stable consumption growth.

　　The "2023 Chaoyang Consumption Map" created by Chaoyang District Business Bureau and Autonavi Map is launched simultaneously. At present, 27 fashion shopping malls have settled in. Open the "Autonavi Map" mobile client side and search for "Chaoyang" to view the precise location of the mall, rich pictures and personalized recommendation reasons, so that consumers can make better travel decisions. Chaoyang District will also launch coffee, food maps, as well as cultural tourism consumption and sports consumption maps, so that citizens can go out of their homes and experience a better life. (Zhu Songmei)

Driving and control experience of Yuntian -C in Han and Tang Dynasties： leapfrog luxury performance, comfortable sports are all satisfied!

On April 22nd, BYD Tang family ushered in the launch of a new model. The starting price of 219,800 yuan and the standard Yunqi -C made the new car extremely competitive. Taking the opportunity of this driving and control experience camp in Hantang Yunqi -C, Jiao Ge will take you to experience how fragrant the dual flagship of Hantang with Yunqi -C is!

Test drive evaluation

Fashion, a rich projection of human history

Author: Chen Bin

Fashion brings people pleasure and even madness. People are crazy about fashion. What are they pursuing? The General History of Fashion, written by Marni Fogg, runs through the deep historical depth, from 500 BC to the present, which is as long as 2,500 years. It is all-encompassing, detailed and detailed, just like an encyclopedia. Through this magnificent picture, readers can see the rich projection of human history on fashion.

A General History of Fashion (Second Edition) [English] Manu Fogg translated by Chen Lei and published by China Pictorial Publishing House.

Fashion is an upgraded version of fashion power expression.

What is fashion? This seems to be well known, but it is difficult to summarize it accurately in one or two sentences.

For Chinese people, the word fashion is "imported", but fashion has never been absent in history, such as the openness and freedom of women’s dress in the Tang Dynasty, which is still impressive. Fashion and fashion are inseparable, and fashion is the mainstream of fashion history. Mani pointed out straight away: "The word" Fashion "comes from the Latin word" ‘Facito’ ",which literally means" making ".It is used to express all kinds of values, including such different concepts as consistency and social connection, rebellion and eccentricity, social desire and status, temptation and deception. The desire to dress up has broken through the limitations of history, culture and geography. Although the form and content may be different, the motivation is the same, dressing up the human body and expressing identity. "

Mani’s explanation is very comprehensive, the main meaning is nothing more than these aspects, that is, fashion symbolizes a kind of value and is the embodiment of identity; There are both inheritance and rebellion in fashion, and some people’s visions are often mixed. Fashion is essentially an external dress of the body.

The costumes in the initial stage of human civilization were rather crude. About 11,000 years ago, people gradually got rid of fishing, hunting and gathering life and began to settle down. Animal skins and plants that were only used by human ancestors to keep out the cold or disguise at that time gradually evolved into clothing. Living conditions are bad, materials are in short supply, and human beings don’t have many choices. Those who can wear animal skins are probably the "heads" who have more power.

The connotation of clothing being empowered has become an important carrier for the ruling class to defend its "sacred" status. To this end, the ruling class strives to innovate in clothing to show off the superiority of power.

"The concept of fashion is usually regarded as unique to western society and originated from the court in the 14th century." At that time, Europe’s commercial economy developed, capitalism began to sprout, and the status of emerging civil classes improved. "The combination of court and commerce brought the birth of modern fashion industry." In order to ensure the superiority of the ruling class’s clothing, on the one hand, power shows its unique luxury, on the other hand, it introduces a "ban on luxury".

Through Marni’s exhibition of history, we can see that "the gorgeous court costumes in Italy in the 14th century reflected the desire for luxurious silk decoration"; Women in the Tang Dynasty rushed to enlarge their sleeves, so that the court had to specifically limit their size; In fact, the "Twelve Orders" of women’s dresses in heian period Palace are composed of 10 to 25 pieces of silk, "each outer garment should show a part of the inner one"; The pleated headscarf advocated by the French court also symbolizes wealth.

The prohibition of luxury is an important starting point to distinguish power from ordinary people in the history of eastern and western courts. The medieval European court stipulated that ordinary people could not wear expensive silk from the East at will, and the Tokugawa shogunate in Japan also issued the same ban, while the ban on luxury in Myanmar focused on jewelry …

Mastering power means mastering the power of resources, so social aesthetics inevitably has a strong power color. In this sense, fashion is also one of the crystallization of power aesthetics. For a long time in history, the focus of fashion manufacturing is often the focus of power accumulation, which is why "the king of Chu has a thin waist and many people starve to death in the palace". Worship of power clothing, metaphor of obedience and proximity to power, even without asking why.

Through Manilow’s clothing styles, we can see that the power clothing show existed before the 14th century, so why didn’t the fashion tour start until the 14th century? On the one hand, it benefited from the prosperous development of European commerce, on the other hand, it was the changes brought about by the Renaissance. The social material is getting richer and the basic food and clothing is improving gradually, which provides an important material basis for the ordinary people to pursue higher clothing. Under the pressure of folk imitation enthusiasm, the power center had to speed up the pace of clothing novelty, which in turn stimulated the enthusiasm of the people, so the clothing realized the gorgeous turn of fashion.

Fashion is a short-lived accelerated version of fashion.

At that time, the clothing changed from the function of keeping out the cold to the so-called aesthetic significance, so it was doomed that no matter how warm it was, it could not last long. Coco chanel is a classic that never dies, but only the brand remains, and its connotation and form have been constantly updated with the pace of time. Even the "created tradition" like Scottish skirts is not what it used to be, and there are obvious differences in details such as fabrics and styles.

Mani pointed out that "fashion is often considered to be one-off, capricious and fleeting". Eric hobsbawm, a famous British historian, wrote in The Extreme Age: 1941-1991: "Why are outstanding fashion designers, a well-known group that is not good at analysis, sometimes able to predict the development of things more accurately than professional prophets? This is one of the most difficult problems in history; For cultural historians, this is the most important issue. For anyone who wants to understand the impact of the era of upheaval on high culture, elite art, and especially the avant-garde, this is definitely a key issue. " If you solve the question, you can’t call it fashion. Fashion is always so abstract and elusive.

Fashion was born from the imitation of power body performance, so, "Fashion is very good at’ borrowing’, which draws inspiration from different cultures and different historical times". Fashion developed with the improvement of production level, that is, the industrial age. Under the competitive pursuit of various new technology fabrics, new technologies and media, although there are still customized fashions like Valentino, a century-old shop, which insist on hand-making, fashion has since embarked on the fast lane of industrialization. This also shows that the more advanced the technology, the more branches of concepts, and the shorter the fashion.

Industrialization provides conditions for the rapid development of fashion, but fashion is not naturally produced by assembly line. There is a continuation of history and a rebellion against reality in fashion, just like the absurd clothes of American hippies. Fashion is the product of society first, and technology is only one of the factors. But historical factors often occupy an extremely important position. "From 1850 to 1860, at that time, men had to change clothes four times a day", and "the prince of Wales’ obsession with clothes-he usually changed six sets of clothes every day-started the fashion people". Without these historical deposits, fashion might be another look.

No matter how amazing the fashion is, it is only a flash in the pan. The steel petticoat patented in Britain in 1856 seems extremely bulky today, but it was all the rage at that time. There are many forces that provide acceleration for fashion, and the court in history bears the brunt. It is like a big stage. Nowadays, the entertainment industry is firmly at the top of fashion. Hollywood is undoubtedly the biggest promoter of fashion in the last century. With the help of light and shadow art, a large number of stars such as Hepburn and Monroe are competing to become the leaders of fashion trends. Fashion also benefits from the rapid development of media technology. Words, photos, light and shadow are deeply involved in fashion, which helps to spread the influence of fashion to the maximum extent and attract more people to fashion trends.

Another force to promote the development of fashion can not be ignored. Mani pointed out that during the Edo era in Japan, the dress code was very strict, but "high-end prostitutes often dressed according to the most popular fashion." Wu Renshu also pointed out in the book "Luxury Women: Consumer Culture of Jiangnan Women in Ming and Qing Dynasties" that as a high-income group in Ming and Qing Dynasties, some "women who lost their social life" did play the role of pursuing fashion or even leading the trend.

Interestingly, unlike the historical power deliberately creating fashion focus, with the demagoguery of modern politics, the distance between power and civilians is getting closer and closer, and it is becoming more and more difficult to create class differences through material. This means that power is no longer the main driving force of fashion butterfly change. Power withdrew, and the business and entertainment circles quickly succeeded in filling the position. Today, there are still a few politicians among the spectators of several famous show halls around the world, but entertainment stars are the frequent visitors on the red carpet. Entertainment is synonymous with fashion, and fashion is like a business card that never fades.

Fashion is a condensed version of fashion power aesthetics.

Aesthetic, different people have different opinions, but the fashion is different, which has obvious characteristics of public recognition. What kind of fashion conforms to the aesthetic taste of the public is extremely difficult to answer. If the fashion beauty that people are obsessed with in history is essentially the beauty of power, what is the symbol of today’s fashion?

In 1750, the German philosopher Baumgarden, known as the "father of aesthetics", defined it in his monograph Aesthetics: "Aesthetics (as the theory of free art, low-level epistemology, the art of beautiful thinking and the art of thinking similar to reason) is the science of perceptual knowledge." He defined aesthetics as perceptual science because he thought that "since people’s psychological activities can be divided into three aspects: knowledge, emotion and meaning, and since we specialize in the logic of knowledge and the ethics of meaning, we should also establish a science specializing in emotion, otherwise the philosophical system will be incomplete". According to its definition, aesthetics is the product of acquired cognition. Newborn babies don’t know what beauty and ugliness are. Only when the power defines the connotation of beauty and ugliness, does society really have aesthetics.

It is power that creates aesthetics, which covers all aspects of society. Fashion is only a condensed version of power aesthetics. Louis XIV thought that fashion was a symbol of absolute power. After the Manchu entered the Central Plains, they not only changed the Han people in their clothes, but also forced to leave their iconic long braids. However, at the beginning, the Han people refused to submit, and when the Qing Dynasty fell, many people fought to the death to hold on to this "ancestral family business". Once the power aesthetics goes deep into the bone marrow, it becomes a life over time. Later, what I didn’t like in the past not only looked good, but also saw another kind of "beauty".

Of course, some fashions in history have no obvious coercive significance, and power has only demonstrated some things, which still benefit people today. Brumel, a playboy, also makes people pay attention to personal hygiene. He brushes his teeth, shaves and takes a bath every day. Brumel’s fashion move has become the daily life of most people today.

As a book that presents the development of fashion rather than explores the reasons, this book may cause readers to have other questions. For example, in French and British court fashion, male fashion once occupied an absolute position. Why did fashion later become a paradise for women? One more thing, fashion is not without negative effects, for example, it will lead to huge waste, and it may also have a negative impact on the environment-Europeans’ fanatical pursuit of fur clothing directly gave birth to the fur trade in North America for three centuries, resulting in a serious survival crisis for species such as beavers, beavers, beavers and buffaloes there. (Chen Bin)

Source: Wen Wei Po