Jay Chou halo blessing, why can’t it be the second "Initial D"


Special feature of 1905 film network When it comes to racing movies, it was definitely a generation of memories of youth who was all the rage 16 years ago. Fujiwara Takumi, a fledgling city, and AE86, which drifts wildly on the famous autumn mountain, still impress many viewers.


Regrettably, amid the anticipation, we never expected a sequel to it, and we were temporarily unable to solve the suspense left by that year.


Recently, the producer, directed by Yixian Chen, starring,, and especially starring have been released.


It is noteworthy that the same racing theme, the same familiar Jay Chou.Whether it’s the "Tofu" in the playSalute, or off-stage, he gave AE86 to "idolize Winner".Wang JunThere is still a lot of linkage between Kay’s fable, All-powerful Storm and Initial D.


Arguably, the visual impact of racing movies, coupled with the blessing of Jay Chou’s aura, is still a bit interesting. But unfortunately, whether it is word of mouth or box office, it failed to replicate the glory of the past.


Why don’t the audience like watching it?


Douban scored 4.8, and the box office was just over 4 million, which was the result of the five-day release of All-powerful Storm. This performance is not worth mentioning at all compared with Initial D, which ranked sixth in the total box office in 2005.


No matter whether it is or not, films of the same kind that hit the box office are always willing to create the image of "burning blood", and the new work supervised by Jay Chou is no exception. But looking at the whole film, its performance is really difficult to prop up the corresponding stunt.



Director Yixian Chen admits that in order to remember the father who enlightened his car through movies, the story of Lao Shen and his son A Shen in the play is full of the shadow of himself and his father. In addition to family, the film’s excavation of the initial heart of the male owner Dujak’s racing car lies in his love for Lily; As for the root of the conflict with villains, it is rooted in the friendship break between Li Yifei and Song Jie, who used to be teammates.


Family, love and friendship go into battle together, and it is understandable to promote the development of the plot with rich emotional changes. However, the description of these feelings in the film has not been deeply explained and explored, and only a few strokes have passed by. Even the audience who have seen the film probably cannot resonate with it.


In addition, the process of the simulator champion becoming a real track champion is also described a little rough and deliberate. Especially when the theme of racing is put aside, All-powerful can be regarded as a story of a man’s "power generation for love", which is based on a weak plot and simple emotions. To some extent, it is difficult to talk about "blood".


Even in the racing scenes that can best arouse the audience’s emotions, the director tried his best to restore the exciting scenes of racing competition through multiple scenes, but the reason why the plot design helped the team win was based on the driver’s early judgment on rainy days. In the absence of clear foreshadowing or subsequent explanation, such an unpremeditated plot became a failure that the film could not ignore.


Undeniably, as a former professional racing driver, Yixian Chen has a deeper understanding and experience of professional racing than ordinary directors. The film covers a wide range of industry topics such as fleet operation and schedule strategy. Under the guarantee of sufficient investment, all kinds of "cool spots" such as "racing" and "falling" of burning money are also portrayed.


However, perhaps because he was an advertising director, Yixian Chen didn’t seem to have the thinking and method of shooting short films, and lacked the use of long shots and proper close-ups. Many shots that should have caused adrenaline surge were also complained by the audience that it was difficult to really get excited.



In the end, "large-scale MV" has become a concise review of fans; Not being loved by the public has also become the dilemma faced by All-powerful Storm.


Why don’t fans buy it?


The film quality is the key point that affects the market box office, but not all factors.


Some time ago, thanks to the excavation of the sinking market and the precise marketing of potential audiences, Douban scored only the sum of 3.5 and 4.1, and its box office performance still exceeded 100 million. This means that works that meet the pain points of potential audiences and have poor word-of-mouth performance still have the opportunity to turn over and counterattack.



As mentioned above, the quality of "All-powerful Storm" is doomed to be difficult to get out of the circle.


Jay Chou has a strong influence, his every move, can easily board the forefront of hot search. As a "living signboard" of "All-powerful Storm", he also contracted most of the heat sources before the film was shown with his own voice.


In fact, although he was a producer, guest star and personally composed music for the theme song, his appearance in the film was also very short. In the eyes of fans, this is just the name of the idol on the surface. The core of the real performance has little to do with it, so it is certainly not necessary to spend it.


Anyone familiar with Jay Chou knows that he often participates in film creation because of his interest. Starring "Initial D" because of car love; Starring because he likes basketball; Self-directed and self-directed because he likes music.


But it is a pity that, with the exception of "Initial D" and "Unspeakable Secrets", its screen performances are not remarkable, and Qi Fei’s masterpieces with word-of-mouth and box office are not produced much. However, although Slam Dunk and Love on the Rooftop have a general reputation, the box office of both films has also exceeded 100 million yuan, which, to a certain extent, also shows Jay Chou’s box office appeal.


Admittedly, this does not mean that fans can accept holding high Jay’s banner and playing "edge ball".


It’s not difficult to find out from Jay Chou’s resume that "All-powerful Storm" is not the first time he has been named as a producer of "bad movies". Four years ago, it also featured in the name of "Jay Chou Producer", but in the end, Douban scored only 4.6, and the box office did not exceed 4 million. It can be seen that Jay Chou has a strong appeal, but also has a group of savvy fans.


The lesson of "The Agreement of 10,000 Kilometers" will make fans hesitate to place an order to watch movies. At the same time, as countless idols born in the 1980s and 1990s, Jay fans are getting longer and longer with the years. At the same time, they are more mature and rational, and it is difficult to buy "bad movies" named after idols.



Back to "All-powerful" itself, looking at the film’s creative team, Jay Chou is the producer, his best friend is the producer, his wife Hannah Quinlivan is the heroine, and his younger brother Karry is the special star. In the words of fans, this is a "Jay Chou Friends Circle Movie", which is a work tailored by Jay for his wife.


Perhaps, if Hannah Quinlivan’s performance is awesome, it’s natural for fans to love me, love my dog. But unfortunately, she didn’t surprise everyone and couldn’t attract fans. Her poor acting skills were even discouraged by everyone.



It is worth mentioning that some senior fans have also expressed another view. From the variety "Travel Notes of the Week" to the movie "All-powerful Storm", Jay has often appeared in public with relatives and friends in recent years.


As fans, they can understand the idol’s mentality, but they don’t accept the works that are not centered on Jay Chou and start to consume the aura he has accumulated for many years. In the eyes of fans, they are still looking forward to seeing Jay’s new attempt, but they are unwilling to support his over-consumed works.



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Just as Jay Chou didn’t become the lifeline of All-powerful, the core of winning in the market, regardless of the publicity stunt of any work, is the quality of the film.



Take the National Day in 2018 as an example, the main theme is to continue the Mahua FunAge style and the charm of "Shen Teng", and the box office before the screening is expected to be as high as 2.5 billion+. However, after the release, it was vomited by a large number of audiences because the goods were not right. The word-of-mouth of the film Douban plummeted from 5.9 at the opening of the painting to 4.6, and the film arrangement rate dropped from 35% on the first day to 20%. Finally, the box office stayed at 600 million, far below the box office expectations, and even less than half of the previous box office.



In the final analysis, the audience is more willing to enter the theater for high-quality content. Beyond gimmicks, works should return to the essence of creation. Only in this way can our film develop positively.


Is Apple’s official APP really safe? The lottery "voted" 120,000 yuan became a bubble.

  Cctv news:APP— — Refers to the software specially built for the mobile network platform. Apple’s mobile phone users must download the APP in Apple’s official app store. Apple explained that the software on the official app store has undergone strict review to provide users with a safer and more reliable experience. Is Apple’s official platform really safe? Mr. Mou, an Apple mobile phone user in Shandong, recently encountered troubles. He suffered heavy losses after downloading an APP marked as "official platform" in the app store.

  In April this year, Mr. Mou from Zibo, Shandong Province, had the idea of buying lottery tickets because of a joke from a friend. He searched for the word "lottery" in his Apple mobile APP store and found a large number of related APPs. Because he had no experience in buying lottery tickets, Mr. Mou downloaded an app marked "official lottery platform" after comparison.

  The words "official platform" and the LOGO of Fucai made Mr. Mou feel very relieved. After reading the operation introduction provided on the APP, Mr. Mou began to bet. In just ten days, he invested 120,000 yuan.

  Gambling APP set a trap to recharge, you must bet.

  The money charged into the APP must be purchased by lottery, and it can only be extracted after winning the prize. Such a rule makes Mr. Mou step by step into the trap. At first, I just wanted to win it back because I lost 8,000 yuan. It was not until I invested more than 100,000 yuan that Mr. Mou became suspicious.

  In the screenshot of the conversation between Mr. Mou and APP customer service staff, it was recorded that the customer service staff claimed to be the official lottery platform to admit that they had their own lottery, which made Mr. Mou stupid. When he carefully checked the recharge record on the APP, he found that every recharge went to different accounts, some were convenience stores and some were hardware stores, which had nothing to do with the so-called "official platform of Chongqing Welfare Lottery". When Mr. Mou checked with Chongqing Welfare Lottery Distribution Center, he realized that he had been trapped.

  It is difficult for users who have suffered serious losses to defend their rights.

  Chongqing Welfare Lottery Distribution Center made it clear that the state prohibits the online sale of lottery tickets. Why did you download an APP named "Chongqing Welfare Lottery Official Platform" in Apple’s app store? Mr. Mou, who suffered losses, began to defend his rights from Apple at the end of April.

  Since April 24th, Mr. Mou has repeatedly called Apple’s customer service hotline to reflect his experience. Although Apple provided the corresponding acceptance number for Mr. Mou’s complaint, it never gave a reply.

  On April 27, Mr. Mou came to Apple’s office in Pudong, Shanghai, and asked Apple to provide the information of the actual registrant of the APP pretending to be the official platform of Chongqing Welfare Lottery and provide corresponding financial compensation, but the staff refused. Later, Mr. Mou sent an email to Apple’s headquarters in the United States, reflecting the scam he encountered and asking the other party to provide information about the APP involved, but Apple’s reply did not respond to Mr. Mou’s request.

  Mr. Mou has been communicating with Apple for more than 50 days in Shanghai, and Apple has never provided him with relevant information about the APP involved. Mr. Mou, who plans to defend his rights through litigation, has no way to provide complete materials to the court. On July 16th, the reporter and Mr. Mou came to the Apple Company at No.391 Yuanshen Road, Pudong District, Shanghai. The staff refused to let the reporter and Mr. Mou in on the grounds of safety, and there was only one way to reflect the problem, that is, to fill in the form, leave a phone number and wait for the reply from Apple.

  Online lottery tickets completely prohibit illegal apps from still existing.

  Apple refused to provide Mr. Mou with the registration information of APP suspected of gambling and impersonating the official platform on the grounds of user privacy and safety, but Mr. Mou found that many users using Apple mobile phones reported similar lottery scams on some online complaint websites, many of which were cheated by hundreds of thousands, and some were tens of thousands. And how did the APPle App Store, which claimed to be strictly audited, get these illegal apps under the official banner mixed in?

  On July 19th, when a reporter typed in "lottery ticket" in the APPle App Store, hundreds of apps appeared. Among the top 30 apps, three were marked with the striking words "official version" on their icons, and four were marked as "official authoritative platforms" in the developer’s name, all of which were marked with five-star full marks.

  An APP named "Welfare Lottery" uses a similar shape and color scheme to China Welfare Lottery. The developer’s name reads "2018 Official Authoritative Lottery Platform". After entering the download page, the reporter found that the developer’s name of the platform was marked as "Hubei Zhenxin Lottery Culture Development Co., Ltd.". When the reporter downloaded the APP and opened it, he found that the platform was titled "22 Lottery". In the interface of the APP, there are Chongqing Shichai, Beijing PKS, Hong Kong Mark Six Lottery, etc. Users want to bet on the platform first. Recharge. In the introduction of this APP, the reporter did not find any information authorized by the official platform of welfare lottery.

  After logging in to official website, China Welfare Lottery Distribution Management Center, the reporter found that as early as the beginning of April this year, in view of the problem of using the Internet to sell welfare lottery tickets in Jiangsu, Ningxia and other five provinces and regions, China Welfare Lottery Distribution Management Center issued an announcement, clarifying that "welfare lottery institutions at all levels and welfare lottery agents must standardize their sales behavior and must not cooperate with any unit or individual to use the Internet to sell welfare lottery tickets in violation of regulations."

  Since China has banned the sale of lottery tickets on the Internet as early as 2015, why can the APP that sells lottery tickets in Apple’s app store become popular and even pretend to be an official platform to attract users? The reporter conducted a survey on a number of Internet companies providing APP platforms in Shanghai, Jiangsu and other places, and found that no one refused to develop lottery-related APPs. As long as they spend money, they can be put on Apple’s app store.

  In addition to promising to get through the channel of putting the lottery APP on the APPle App Store, the technician also revealed to reporters the loopholes in Apple’s app review.

  Illegal APP borrows vest to escape supervision.

  By using the technical means of changing the code keywords in the APP, it can pass the audit of APPle. Such a flaw makes a large number of illegal apps exist in the Apple App Store. Through the investigation, the reporter found that Apple also has serious loopholes in the content supervision after the APP was put on the shelves. An illegal APP can generate multiple apps by grafting flowers and trees, which is also called "casing" in the black industry chain of the Internet.

  Network security researchers showed reporters that there are a lot of gray or even black transactions in Internet forums. Some people ask how to shell the APP in Apple’s IOS system, and some are selling the shell code of the APP. And Mr. Mou from Shandong downloaded the "Lottery Recommendation — The official platform has also appeared the phenomenon of casing in use.

  With the name of an APP, the name can be changed through background operations. The practice of changing the vest in this way is to escape supervision and illegally collect money.

  Although APPle announced the review process of the APP, emphasizing that "APPs involving games, gambling and lottery tickets can only include this function after fully verifying the relevant legal requirements of all countries/regions of the upcoming app", the reporter found through investigation that there were serious review loopholes in the Apple App Store from qualification to content. According to the Regulations on the Management of Mobile Internet Application Information Services issued by the National Network Information Office in 2016, "Mobile Internet application providers should strictly implement the responsibility of information security management, establish and improve the user information security protection mechanism, and protect users’ right to know and choose during installation or use according to law, and respect and protect intellectual property rights." Zhu Wei, one of the drafters of this regulation and deputy director of the Communication Law Research Center of China University of Political Science and Law, said that users’ interests were damaged due to the confusion of platform management, and they should take the initiative to take responsibility to prevent more serious consequences.

International Confucian Forum: Contributing China Wisdom to Human Peace

  The "International Confucian Forum 2019" sponsored by China Renmin University and Cui Zhongxian Academic Institute was held in Qufu, Shandong recently. The theme of the forum is "Confucianism and human peace". More than 150 scholars from home and abroad attended the meeting. The conference received a total of 124 academic papers. During the two-day meeting, besides the General Assembly, there were 24 breakout sessions. Harmony, harmony and peace are the basic ideas of Confucianism; It is the basic attitude of Confucianism to be neutral and harmonious but different; Protecting harmony and peace in the world is the fundamental pursuit of Confucianism. In the 21st century, Confucianism will continue to provide an oriental solution for human peace and contribute to China’s wisdom.

  The concept of "harmony" has a long history in Chinese culture, and it came into being with the beginning of civilization. In Zhouyi and Shangshu, there have been rich meanings of "harmony among nations" and "safeguarding harmony and harmony", and Confucius, the founder of Confucianism, formally established a cultural pedigree of noble harmony, advocating harmony and respecting harmony, which became the core characteristics of Confucianism.

  Conceptual analysis is an important path of philosophical research. When discussing the Confucian thought of "harmony", scholars pay special attention to the dialectical relationship between harmony and identity. Professor Huang Kaiguo of Sichuan Normal University and Professor Pan Xiaohui of Fu Jen Catholic University analyzed several debates on harmony and identity in Chinese history: Shi Bo’s "harmony with real creatures, the same will not be continued", Yan Ying’s "harmony as soup" and Confucius’s "gentleman’s harmony without difference", pointing out that "harmony" is the core and positive concept that can best demonstrate peace and oppose war, and "harmony without difference" is the most important practical principle. Scholars also attach importance to textual research on the concept of "harmony" from the source of the system. Professor Xie Guangyu of Anhui University took the idea of "great unification" as the starting point to sort out the concept of peaceful reunification from Huangdi’s "harmony of all nations", Yao’s "harmony of all nations", Confucius, Mencius and Xunzi to the present era. Professor Chen Hui of Macquarie University in Australia also reviewed the cultural inheritance of three generations of civilizations and early Confucianism.

  Academic concepts must interact with human beings and then be related to social life in order to have social value. "Book of Rites University" says: "After physical training, the family will be in harmony, and the family will be in harmony with the country, and the country will be in peace with the world." Confucianism, as a practical theory, realizes the transformation from the idea of "harmony is the most important" to the social idea of "human peace" through the way of being sage inside and king outside. Professor Luo Anxian of Renmin University of China examines the possibility of realizing the Confucian concept of peace from the perspective of "conscience", pointing out that Confucianism firmly believes that "conscience" exists, and human kindness is the foundation of everything; The key to human peace and world peace is the conviction and protection of conscience. Professor Li Guanghu of Yonsei University in South Korea also said that the Confucian thought of human peace is based on the goodness of the community, and the realization of the goodness of this community is based on the Confucian theory of good nature.

  Professor Zhang Liwen from Renmin University of China concluded in the keynote report "Confucianism and Peace under the World" that the Chinese nation has always pursued peace under the world, and peaceful development and win-win cooperation are the universal aspirations and aspirations of people all over the world. The concept of "harmony" contained in Confucianism has been cast into the national mentality and value pursuit of the Chinese nation, which advocates great harmony and loves peace, and it has become endless and popular.

  Confucianism, which was conceived in the war-torn Spring and Autumn Period, has been full of peace genes since its birth. The advocacy of "abandoning soldiers" by Confucius’ benevolence, the lashing of war by Mencius’ senseless war in the Spring and Autumn Period, the resolution of war by the ideal of "Great Harmony in the World" in The Book of Rites, and even the theory that Taoism, Mohism, France and celebrities stop fighting and love each other without attacking & HELIP; … Focusing on peace and exploring the solution to achieve peace from a theoretical height is an endless academic tradition of Chinese culture represented by Confucianism.

  At the forum, Chinese and foreign scholars fully tapped the Confucian ideological resources of respecting others, living in harmony, learning from each other, multi-dimensional consultation, resolving wars and pursuing peace, which provided theoretical reference for the coexistence and development of people, people and environment, people and society, nations, countries and civilizations. Professor Xiang Shiling from Renmin University of China looked at the Confucian theory of war and peace from the biography of Spring and Autumn Annals, and put forward that loving peace does not mean denying war, but the principle of justice is the most fundamental principle. Professor Lin Cunguang of China University of Political Science and Law believes that in the exchange of their respective ambitions, Confucius and his disciples all expressed a pacifist ideal of friendly interaction between people, peaceful coexistence between countries, and even self-cultivation and external security. Professor Xing Dongfeng from Ehime University in Japan sorted out Mencius’ benevolent pacifism based on people-oriented principle and internal and external affairs, and evaluated it as the Confucian orthodoxy that inherited Confucius’ thought. Professor Cai Jiahe of Donghai University has studied the contribution of Confucius and Mencius to Yangming’s "one-in-one benevolence" to human peace, and thinks that thinking about modern international and interpersonal problems based on this can contribute to the process of peace and civilization.

  The conflict between pluralism and monism, the confrontation between harmonious symbiosis and competitive game are the hidden cultural factors behind peace and war, and many scholars have conducted in-depth research on them from the metaphysical point of view. Professor Choi Young-chen of Sungkyunkwan University in South Korea compares religious pluralism with the theory of "unity and diversity" and points out that Confucianism has two sides, and the pursuit of balance is the ultimate goal of Confucianism. Chul-Seung Lee, a professor at Korea University in Korea, believes that Confucian harmonious philosophy can actively deal with the problems caused by the rejection of "difference" caused by exclusive competitive consciousness and the blind identity consciousness trying to attribute particularity to transcendental universality in the multicultural era.

  Confucianism is China’s and the world’s, and it has increasingly strong influence and appeal in the world. Observing and reflecting on the timeless Confucianism from the theoretical level and strengthening the interaction and mutual learning between Confucianism and world civilization will certainly provide theoretical help for maintaining world peace and order.

  Today, with the development of world cultural diversity and economic globalization, local conflicts, terrorism and refugee crises are constantly emerging, and Confucianism, as a political philosophy, has increasingly demonstrated its practical significance for human peace. It is the mission of the times to put "Rixin" Confucianism into the political and cultural context of the contemporary world, absorb everything and learn from others, and crack the common peace code of mankind.

  First, we should promote Confucianism to "live", embrace Confucian civilization with a confident attitude, promote the creative transformation and innovative development of traditional culture, and provide useful reference for the construction of a harmonious society in China. When talking about cultural self-knowledge and cultural self-confidence, Professor Yang Chaoming, president of the Confucius Institute in China, pointed out that a virtuous country such as Beichen is in the middle, which is the cultural coordinate of Confucian civilization in the world. Scholars have innovatively expounded the Confucian thought of "harmony", or interpreted the modern meaning of Mencius’ "being kind to others" based on the virtue of a gentleman, the cultivation of political morality and the harmony of the world, or combed the order of harmony from family to clan to neighbors and even the world in ancient family rules, or obtained enlightenment for the harmonious success of modern economic activities from the concept of justice and benefit from etiquette to classical Confucianism, so as to make its cultural light fully bloom.

  Secondly, it is necessary to push Confucianism to "go global", realize the global construction of China’s humanistic discourse system in the dialogue among civilizations, and solve the problem of balancing nationality and internationality in the dissemination of Confucian peace thoughts. Professor Yun Chen of East China Normal University reflected on Huntington’s "Clash of Civilizations" and thought that the Confucian concept of peace provided another new possibility for the human world besides western civilization.

  Third, it is necessary to promote Confucianism to be "strong", draw ancient wisdom from Confucianism to resolve the peace dilemma, and provide ideological and cultural support for the construction of a world lasting peace and a community of human destiny. Professor Yin Bingnan of Xijiang University in South Korea pointed out that the construction of a community of human destiny must first establish the concept of peaceful development ideologically. Professor Kong Deli of Beijing Jiaotong University analyzed the value of the Confucian tradition of Concord, Harmony and Harmony to contemporary China, and put forward that the "Belt and Road" strategy and the new development concept of Eurasian destiny community are behind the strength of Confucian tradition. Professor Huang Yushun of Shandong University put forward the concept of "the community of human civilization" on the basis of the community of human destiny, emphasizing that Confucianism can contribute important values to the construction of a singular human common civilization facing the future. All this is the contemporary practice of Confucianism promoting human peace.

  The International Forum on Confucianism was founded in 2004 and has been held for 14 consecutive sessions. The theme of the forum is distinct, exploring and studying the true meaning of Confucianism, and deeply excavating the modern value of Confucianism. Now it has developed into a Confucian grand event with important international influence.

In 2024, the May 1 ST box office broke 280 million, and "Peacekeeping Riot Team" temporarily topped the list.

1905 movie network news With the arrival of the May Day holiday, the movie "May Day File" officially kicked off, with a total of eight key blockbusters released. There are a variety of movies covering action, suspense, comedy, animation, love and other themes, which can meet the viewing needs of different audiences.

According to the data of Lighthouse Professional Edition, as of 14: 27 on May 1, the box office of May 1st, 2024 (May 1st-May 5th) exceeded 280 million.Peacekeeping Riot Team, thelma and louise Money, Spy House Code: White.Temporarily list the top three box offices during the schedule.

Judging from the release time, "Spy House Code: White"Hal’s Moving CastleIt was released on April 30th, and six other films.Besieged city of Kowloon walled cityPeacekeeping riot squadNothing can’t be solved by a hot pot.Thelma and louise MoneyTravel through the Moon, GG Bond Movie, Star Trek.Meet the audience on the first day of the holiday.


"Peacekeeping Riot Team" temporarily ranked first in the May 1st box office list with a score of 89.8609 million. The film is based on the real peacekeeping operations of the Chinese peacekeeping police, and assembled popular actors such as Johnny, YiBo and Elaine Zhong. Their interpretation of the peacekeeping police shoulders a sacred mission, goes far to foreign countries, goes deep into the war-torn mission area to carry out peacekeeping missions, and builds a blue life defense line for people suffering from war.

Thelma and louise Money,Spy play house code: whiteThey ranked second and third with box office of 49.0858 million and 48.0107 million respectively, with a small gap. "Spy Play House Code: White" is the first big movie of the popular Japanese animation "Spy Play House", and the lovely "national daughter" Ania is on the big screen with China fans across the ocean.


"thelma and louise Money" gathers comedians such as Jia Bing and Xiao Shenyang. In the film, Jia Youwei (Jia Bing) was originally a lonely middle-aged man. He relied all his emotions on his savings, and all this began to change after he was diagnosed with a terminal illness. This change also made many viewers start to have a new look at their lives.


In the fourth place, The Moving Castle of Hal, directed by Miyazaki Hayao, earned 27.1147 million box office. The film was nominated for the best animated feature film at the 78th Academy Awards, and won the Outstanding Technical Contribution Award at the 61st Venice Film Festival. Over the past 20 years, it has conveyed a brave attitude of pursuing love to audiences all over the world.


Fortress Besieged in Kowloon Castle temporarily ranked fifth, with a box office of 23,578,700 yuan on its first day of release. Previously, the film was screened and gained a high reputation. Up to now, the cumulative box office has exceeded 100 million. Directed by Zheng Baorui, starring Louis Koo, raymond lam and Liu Junqian, this film tells the story of a fallen young man, Chen Luojun (raymond lam), who fled and mistakenly broke into the city. After being rescued by a tornado (Louis Koo), the village’s Chinese speaker, he accidentally became brothers with Xinyi, Shiershao and Sizai, and faced the high-spirited story of the wicked taking the city and defending the city with everyone.


Travel through the Moon starring Zifeng Zhang and Hu Xianxu, Nothing can’t be solved with a hot pot starring Yu Qian and Yang Mi, and The GG Bond Movie Star Trek are ranked sixth to eighth respectively.


Huawei nova 5i Pro evaluation: Kirin 810 blessing "hardcore fashion"

Nova was founded with the product concept of "high value, love selfie". In this advanced four-shot era of Pro, the front shot was also upgraded to 32 million pixels. Not only that, the Kirin 810 high-end chip with 7nm process also makes Pro a hard core. Compared with the flagship manufacturing process and the EMUI 9.1.1 system, it makes the mobile phone more intelligent.

There are three versions of Pro in terms of price, 6+128GB is priced at 2199 yuan, 8+128GB is priced at 2499 yuan, and 8+256GB is priced at 2799 yuan. In this issue, we will focus on explaining i Pro in terms of performance and photography:

Huawei nova 5i Pro evaluation: Kirin 810 blessing "hardcore fashion" (not approved)Huawei nova 5i ProHuawei nova 5i Pro evaluation: Kirin 810 blessing "hardcore fashion" (not approved)

This time we got the aurora color of Huawei nova 5i Pro, 8+256GB full netcom version. When you open the box, the first thing you see is Huawei nova 5i Pro. The front of the mobile phone adopts the "hole-digging screen" design in the upper left corner, which is officially called the pole full screen.

Huawei nova 5i Pro evaluation: Kirin 810 blessing "hardcore fashion" (not approved)"Pole Full Screen" Design

The top of the back of the mobile phone is similar to the super-running eye shape, and the rear fingerprint recognition is used under the camera; At the bottom is Huawei LOGO, and the back of the whole mobile phone is full of light reflection. Although the layer has texture, it actually feels smooth.

Huawei nova 5i Pro evaluation: Kirin 810 blessing "hardcore fashion" (not approved)Back design of Huawei nova 5i Pro fuselage

An official silicone soft shell is attached to the attachment, and another detail is that a 3.5 mm earphone is randomly attached to the box. Most mobile phones have a 3.5 mm headphone jack, but no headphones are included. In this respect, it is a bit unreasonable to limit costs and let users pay for the bill. From this point of view, Huawei is more concerned. For other accessories, it is equipped with 10V/2A fast charging head +Type-C interface data cable, instruction manual and clamping pin.

In order to solve the suddenness caused by Liu Haiping, and to further improve the proportion of mobile phone screens, this year’s extreme full-screen can be described as popular, and this full-screen solution quickly caused a wave. Huawei nova 5i Pro continues the design concept of extreme full screen, and adopts the off-screen lens technology under the screen of 6.2 to avoid the occlusion caused by bangs design, and the screen ratio reaches 83.58%.

Huawei nova 5i Pro evaluation: Kirin 810 blessing "hardcore fashion" (not approved)Huawei nova 5i Pro front camera adopts blind hole scheme.

Considering the user’s actual aesthetics and convenience when taking selfies, Huawei nova 5i Pro chose the front camera in the upper left corner. It is worth mentioning that, unlike the general through-hole solution, this time it chose the blind hole solution, that is, it only penetrates part but does not dig through the entire LCD screen, and the lens is installed on the lower layer of the LCD screen. The blind hole solution can bring a smaller front-facing area, but it is more challenging in technology and technology.

In addition, under the condition of ensuring the size of the opening under the screen, Huawei inserted a 32-megapixel front lens, and the diameter of the lens head was only 3.05 mm. Thanks to the innovative contraposition assembly scheme and high-precision dispensing technology, the problems of light leakage and color cast at the edge of the screen hole area were prevented to improve the light transmittance of the screen. In terms of the actual screen look and feel, there are also no problems such as color cast and light leakage. Huawei has obviously done a good job in quality control.

Huawei nova 5i Pro evaluation: Kirin 810 blessing "hardcore fashion" (not approved)The bottom of Huawei nova 5i Pro fuselage is a 3.5mm headphone jack, a Type-C charging jack and a speaker.

Huawei nova 5i Pro evaluation: Kirin 810 blessing "hardcore fashion" (not approved)Fuselage rightThe side is the volume button and the power button respectively.

The evolution of the screen will not stop until the real full screen arrives. In order to achieve a higher screen ratio, Huawei nova 5i Pro uses technologies such as micro-slit earpiece to make the frame of the mobile phone narrower, and the body size is 156.1mm×73.9mm×8.3mm respectively. In addition, the left and right sides are respectively a card slot, a volume key and a power key; At the bottom of the fuselage are a 3.5 mm headphone jack, a Type-C charging jack and a speaker.

Huawei nova 5i Pro evaluation: Kirin 810 blessing "hardcore fashion" (not approved)Huawei nova 5i Pro aurora color version, texture under light reflection.

The color matching of mobile phones is a symbol of fashion trend. Different from the previous metal body, the application of glass material in mobile phones has spawned more personalized body color matching. In recent years, Huawei has made good achievements in the exploration of popular colors, such as the aurora color, which has led the trend of gradual color change, and various mobile phone manufacturers have followed suit, and the rich color matching has given users more choices.

This time, Huawei nova 5i Pro brought three colors: aurora, emerald and magic night black. At the same time, the design of about 182 grams of fuselage weight+hyperbolic 3D glass performs well in the actual grip.

Just like an excellent athlete must have a strong heart, the processor of a mobile phone plays a decisive role in the system experience of the whole mobile phone. This time, Huawei nova 5i Pro is equipped with a new generation of 7nm flagship SoC developed by Huawei. I believe everyone is very interested in this chip. Let me give you a detailed introduction.

In terms of AI performance, Kirin 810 continues 9 series of excellent genes, and it is Huawei’s first mobile phone SoC with self-developed Da Vinci architecture. According to ETH test, Kirin 810 NPU scores 32,000+,far exceeding Snapdragon 710(ETH score: 6556), Snapdragon 730(ETH score: 13,000+) and Snapdragon 855.

Huawei nova 5i Pro evaluation: Kirin 810 blessing "hardcore fashion"The measured AI Benchmark running score data, the score of 330699 conforms to the official description.

Although the official claims that the Da Vinci architecture makes Kirin 810′ s AI capability the strongest in the industry, there is no one. However, in the data age, we don’t believe anyone. We directly use the running score to objectively look at the AI performance of this SOC. We use the AI Benchmark tool released by ETH to run the score, and the score reaches 33,099, surpassing a number of opponents. The AI performance is evident.

In terms of CPU, Kirin 810 adopts the CPU architecture of two A76 large cores and six A55 small cores, of which A76 is a customized version. From the performance point of view, the official claims that according to the test of Geekbench 4, the single-core running score of Kirin 810 CPU is 80% higher than that of Kirin 710 and 89% higher than that of Snapdragon 710. Two custom A76 high-performance large cores with 2.27GHz and six A55 high-energy small cores with 1.88GHz can realize flexible scheduling and efficient use of system resources.

Huawei nova 5i Pro evaluation: Kirin 810 blessing "hardcore fashion"
The measured Kirin 810 runs in Geekbench 4.2.0, with a single core of 2829 and a multi-core of 7864, and a simultaneous operation score of 7683.

As the computing core of SoC, CPU plays a key role in daily APP opening, system sliding operation and multitasking. As a comparison, we use ——Geekbench 4, which has always been commonly used, to measure.

Judging from the price-splitting results, the scores of Kirin 810 single-core 2829 and multi-core 7864 equipped by Huawei nova 5i Pro far exceed those of competing Snapdragon 730 single-core 2500+ and multi-core 6500+, not to mention surpassing Snapdragon 710. At the same time, the operation ran 7683 points, which also performed well.

Huawei nova 5i Pro evaluation: Kirin 810 blessing "hardcore fashion"
Measured 3D Mark running score

On the GPU side, Kirin 810 is equipped with Mali-G52, which improves the performance by 162% compared with the previous generation Kirin 710, and supports Kirin Gaming+ technology. As the core of graphics processing, GPU plays an important role in image rendering and game quality improvement. The author measured the scores of Open GL ES 3.1 and Vulkan 2,556 and 2,528 of Huawei nova 5i Pro with the tool of 3D Mark. From the running score of GPU, running large-scale 3D games can bring relatively good image quality performance, and the graphics processing ability is guaranteed.

Huawei nova 5i Pro evaluation: Kirin 810 blessing "hardcore fashion"
Test the comprehensive performance with and, and the results are as above after starting the performance mode.

In other aspects like taking pictures, Kirin 810 integrates DMAP, DE and other modules, which improves ISP performance and algorithm, and further improves noise reduction and image details. In terms of communication capability, Huawei’s performance has always been very strong. After all, it started with communication technology, which I believe everyone has witnessed. This time, Huawei nova 5i Pro supports dual cards, dual VoLTE and dual 4G, which makes mobile communication more stable in complex communication scenarios.

I believe everyone will think that the running score of mobile phone is always an objective data, and the actual game operation experience is more important! Therefore, next, let’s measure two games, the glory of the king and Peace Elite, to see how the game performance of Huawei nova 5i Pro is. Because the author’s game level is really average, please don’t take it amiss, just look at the test results directly.

Huawei nova 5i Pro evaluation: Kirin 810 blessing "hardcore fashion"The glory of the king turns on the high frame rate mode, and all the settings are adjusted to the highest.

Huawei nova 5i Pro evaluation: Kirin 810 blessing "hardcore fashion"

Huawei nova 5i Pro evaluation: Kirin 810 blessing "hardcore fashion"
Turn on the high frame rate mode, and the frame rate of the glory of the king game in team battle mode is stable at around 60FPS.

Although it is a white game, we can’t be vague about the test. In the actual test, the glory of the king turned on the high frame rate mode, and the game quality was adjusted to the highest level. the glory of the king was able to keep 60 full frames for a long time, and occasionally reached 62 frames during team battles. The performance scheduling of Kirin 810 processor was more active.

Huawei nova 5i Pro evaluation: Kirin 810 blessing "hardcore fashion"
Peace Elite sets the default maximum picture quality.

Huawei nova 5i Pro evaluation: Kirin 810 blessing "hardcore fashion"

Huawei nova 5i Pro evaluation: Kirin 810 blessing "hardcore fashion"The operation process is stable and smooth, and there is no jamming phenomenon.

Looking at the peace elite again, Huawei nova 5i Pro gave me the greatest feeling in this link or in the control of fever. During the 30-minute game test of Peace Elite, the mobile phone was only slightly hot, and there was no hot feeling. After all, after testing the glory of the king, the Peace Elite was tested immediately, which was quite a test for the power consumption and heat control of mobile phones. Thanks to the 7nm process technology, Kirin 810 made Huawei nova 5i Pro achieve a balance between performance and power consumption.

In terms of taking pictures, Huawei nova 5i ProThe rear is equipped with 48 megapixel HD main camera+8 megapixel super wide angle+2 megapixel macro+2 megapixel depth of field AI four-camera lens.. This year, most of the main players in flagship machine are equipped with 48 million main cameras, which is the most critical for the improvement of the whole camera quality of mobile phones. The f/1.8 aperture ensures enough light to support the handheld super night scene mode. Let’s look at several sets of night scene proofs:

Huawei nova 5i Pro evaluation: Kirin 810 blessing "hardcore fashion"
Left is the default mode, and right is the hand-held super night scene mode. You can see that the brightness of the whole picture has been improved by one level.

Huawei nova 5i Pro evaluation: Kirin 810 blessing "hardcore fashion"

Huawei nova 5i Pro evaluation: Kirin 810 blessing "hardcore fashion" (not approved)Proof performance of rainy night scene

When shooting night scenes, after choosing the hand-held night scene mode, it should be noted that the hand should be kept still for about 3 seconds as far as possible, which can ensure the filming rate of the camera. From the first two sets of proofs, we can see that Huawei nova 5i Pro handles indoor lighting in different colors, and the color reproduction of lighting is more realistic.

And there is still a big difference between turning on the super night scene and not turning on the super night scene mode. After turning on the super night scene, people feel that the brightness of the whole picture has improved by a level. Noise control is also in place, and the background is not "pasted". 

Finally, this set of proofs tested the control of high beam and strong light of Huawei nova 5i Pro shooting outdoor buildings, and the rainy weather environment and test environment were more complicated. It can be seen from the proofs that in the outdoor environment with large light ratio, Huawei nova 5i Pro suppresses highlights well, while retaining dark details, it highlights the layering of the picture, and the purity of the overall picture is relatively high.

Huawei nova 5i Pro evaluation: Kirin 810 blessing "hardcore fashion" (not approved)

Huawei nova 5i Pro evaluation: Kirin 810 blessing "hardcore fashion" (not approved)2x zoom performance, details restored in place.

Huawei nova 5i Pro evaluation: Kirin 810 blessing "hardcore fashion" (not approved)Performance of proofs under outdoor strong light irradiation

In the outdoor bright light environment during the day, the color reproduction of Huawei nova 5i Pro is very accurate, the sky has not been specially rendered, and with the automatic AI algorithm blessing, the picture is very transparent, and the overall style is natural and true.

Huawei nova 5i Pro evaluation: Kirin 810 blessing "hardcore fashion" (not approved)

Huawei nova 5i Pro evaluation: Kirin 810 blessing "hardcore fashion"Super wide-angle lens shooting

Huawei nova 5i Pro evaluation: Kirin 810 blessing "hardcore fashion"

Huawei nova 5i Pro evaluation: Kirin 810 blessing "hardcore fashion"2 megapixel macro lens

As we all know, the biggest feature of wide-angle is to provide a wide field of vision. After distortion correction, Huawei nova 5i Pro, a wide-angle lens, can probably reach 103 wide-angle lens, which is suitable for shooting high-rise buildings. Macro is an important branch of photography, and Huawei takes into account the needs of users. This 2-megapixel macro lens is used to shoot petals, and the details are not lost after magnification. The combination of super wide angle and macro basically meets the shooting requirements of most scenes in life, which is really convenient.

After talking about rear camera, let’s talk about front camera. This time, Huawei nova 5i Pro is equipped with a 32-megapixel lens in front, which supports portrait super night scenes and relies on NPU blessing to realize AI beauty. When shooting portraits, Huawei nova 5i Pro will adjust the eye contour to make people’s eyes brighter. Let’s take a look at how the proofs perform:

Huawei nova 5i Pro evaluation: Kirin 810 blessing "hardcore fashion" (not approved)Portrait super night scene modeHuawei nova 5i Pro evaluation: Kirin 810 blessing "hardcore fashion" (not approved)In the natural light during the day, people take selfie proofs.

Through the sample analysis, it can be seen that under the shooting of Huawei nova 5i Pro front lens, the outline of the whole character is clear, and the three-dimensional sense of the character has not been weakened in the dark scene. Especially the eyes are black and white, which restores the color and luster of eye shadow. Let’s take a look at the background. Thanks to Huawei’s AI algorithm, the dark background is not "pasted" and blurred naturally.

Young people generally like to take selfies. Huawei’s nova series not only deepens this field, but also expands to take selfies at night. In order to solve the two problems of low brightness and difficult focus of portraits in dark environment, Huawei nova 5i Pro adopts the method of separating people from scenes, skillfully uses the 4-in-1 super-pixel photosensitive element equivalent to 1.6μm, and then processes the images through NPU algorithm, which highlights the layering of people and backgrounds and makes the people more stereoscopic and clear.

Huawei nova 5i Pro evaluation: Kirin 810 blessing "hardcore fashion" (not approved)

The lack of power and the lack of battery life are the pain points that users generally reflect at present. Compared with, the battery capacity of Huawei nova 5i Pro has increased by nearly 20% this time, reaching 4000mAh. Judging from my personal experience, there is no pressure for heavy use for one day.

Huawei nova 5i Pro evaluation: Kirin 810 blessing "hardcore fashion" (not approved)

Huawei nova 5i Pro evaluation: Kirin 810 blessing "hardcore fashion" (not approved)One-hour impactPower consumption test shows that the power consumption is about 16%.

Judging from the results of one-hour heavy game test, the Kirin 810 equipped with Huawei nova 5i Pro is satisfactory in performance and battery life. After the two games were tested, the power consumption was 16% after one hour, which was in line with expectations. Kirin 810 with 7 nm process cooperates with the optimization of Huawei’s latest system, and the 4000mAh battery can be used properly for one day without any problem.

Huawei nova 5i Pro evaluation: Kirin 810 blessing "hardcore fashion" (not approved)

In terms of fast charging, Huawei nova 5i Pro comes standard with 10V/2A charging scheme of 20w, and its charging efficiency is equivalent to that of Supercharge 22.5w It can be charged to 54% in 30 minutes and full in 90 minutes.

Huawei nova 5i Pro is equipped with a brand-new EMUI 9.1.1 system when it leaves the factory. Its biggest highlight is that it has joined EROFS, a read-only file system exclusively developed by Huawei, which has improved the random reading performance by 20%, such as the normal application cold start speed, background persistence and image extraction speed. And with the new GPU Turbo technology, the game experience is deeply optimized. At present, the technology has added 85 game support (25 overseas and 60 domestic), which basically meets the needs of most players.

Huawei nova 5i Pro evaluation: Kirin 810 blessing "hardcore fashion" (not approved)completeNew EMUI 9.1.1 system+conventional system navigation mode

In the conventional navigation operation of the system, EMUI 9.1.1 integrates gestures, traditional three keys and floating navigation, and the customized operation meets the personalized experience requirements. The three methods are in line with most people’s daily operation habits, with simple logic and basically no learning cost.

Next, let’s talk about an interesting point of the system. Everyone has a musical dream, and national K songs have become a common APP for many people. For K-song users, most users are not professional singers, and there are some problems such as singing out of tune and not keeping up with the rhythm. In order to solve this problem, Huawei nova 5i Pro has introduced three technologies: AI tuning, headset joint noise reduction (related patents have been applied) and soft and hard combination to help users tune.

Huawei nova 5i Pro evaluation: Kirin 810 blessing "hardcore fashion" (not approved)Quanmin k ge

The measured results are good. For friends who like singing but are not confident about their singing skills, they should also have the courage to share their songs on social platforms. It is conceivable that in the future, as AI technology becomes more and more mature, sound repair is likely to be as popular as beauty, and ordinary K-song users can also sing the sounds of nature. In this kind of market segment, Huawei is ahead of its friends, considering the needs of users.

Write it at the end

Through the evaluation of this experience, Huawei nova 5i Pro is a comprehensive strength machine headed by images. The front 32-megapixel super portrait night scene makes the characters more stereoscopic and beautiful; The rear 48-megapixel AI four shots, taking a wide angle, can also grasp subtlety; Equipped with a 7-nanometer Kirin 810 chip and a new NPU self-developed architecture Da Vinci, AI capability can be described as a global leader.

Others, such as the 4000mAh battery and the new GPU Turbo-powered EMUI 9.1.1 system, have brought many bright spots to Huawei’s nova 5i Pro. However, due to the design of the extreme full screen, the material of the screen determines that Huawei nova 5i Pro can only adopt post fingerprint recognition, which is a trade-off. To sum up, if you pay more attention to the comprehensive experience of mobile phones, then this mobile phone that focuses on audio-visual experience may be your dish.


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Nova mobile phone was founded with the product concept of "high value, love self-timer". In this advanced four-camera era of Huawei nova 5i Pro, the front camera was also upgraded to 32 million pixels. Not only that, the Kirin 810 high-end chip with 7nm process also makes Huawei nova 5i Pro a hard core, which is comparable to the flagship production process and cooperates with the EMUI 9.1.1 system to make the mobile phone smarter. In terms of price, nova 5i …

How far can we go to observe the+10 million-class online celebrity’s "rollover" mode of carrying goods in online celebrity?

  From "Sister Rain in the Northeast" to "Steel-toed" and "Big Blue", and then to crazy Brother Xiao Yang, online celebrity, who are active in social media, have fallen into a crisis of trust for various reasons, ranging from being denounced by netizens to being fined, banned and even sanctioned by law.

  According to incomplete statistics, before 2024 is over, 16 houses in online celebrity have collapsed one after another. When a series of house collapse events are staged one after another like dominoes, people can’t help wondering: How far can online celebrity’s mode of bringing goods go? Will consumers continue to pay the bill?

  Driven by the wave of digitalization, sturm und drang, a live e-commerce industry, has quickly become a golden channel to realize online celebrity’s talent. It seems that overnight, online celebrity people on all platforms have devoted themselves to the torrent of live broadcast with goods, and realized the realization of traffic easily.

  Take the "Northeast Rain Sister" whose house collapsed recently as an example. The data shows that it has been popular since 2023 and has 24 million fans. Since 2024, its team has broadcast 28 live shows with goods, with accumulated sales exceeding 100 million. In the nearly one month around September alone, there were 4 live shows with goods, with an average audience of more than 5 million, and the total sales of 4 live shows ranged from 25 million to 50 million.

  So, how did the "Northeast Rain Sisters" get angry? Generally speaking, online celebrity’s popularity can’t be separated from his unique personality. "Northeast Rain Sister" takes pseudo-local customs as a selling point, and creates an image similar to "Wolf Warriors version of Plum Qi". In the video, she holds a big jar and an iron pot on her shoulders, and one person can pick up half a pig and cook a family’s diet and daily life alone, claiming to "show everyone the most authentic rural life". Through a series of video presentations, she successfully created a hard-working, simple and powerful image of rural women in Northeast China, opened up a new track, and once became a big online celebrity with 24.5 million fans.

  Online celebrity’s success depends not only on the creation of people, but also on the operation of the team and the support of fans. The team is responsible for planning, shooting and editing, and fans are the foundation of online celebrity’s survival and development. Under the careful operation of the team, one online celebrity after another has been pushed to the Internet front desk, attracting a huge fan base with their unique personnel and style.

  With the blessing of traffic, many online celebrity and the teams behind them have also begun to seek commercial transformation. Live broadcast with goods has become the most direct way to make money, and those who are interested have built a huge commercial map on this basis. However, more and more problems are gradually exposed in online celebrity’s freight forwarding industry, especially the crisis of trust directly pushes this industry to the forefront.

  Recently, the media interview found that "Sister Northeast Rain" and her apprentices only rented a house in the village, and only came to shoot a video and broadcast live. "These people are not recording rural life, but performing rural life." Her elaborate rural life design was revealed as a rented rural house, and the planning and packaging behind it were all to attract the audience.

  What is even more shocking is that the sweet potato vermicelli she sold in the live broadcast was found to contain no sweet potato ingredients, and there was false propaganda, and she was fined 1.65 million by the regulatory authorities.

  From September 23 to October 12, it took only 20 days for Sister Rain in Northeast China to experience powder dropping, penalty and house collapse, which was really staggering.

  Rural life is fake, people are fake, and even the goods sold are fake. This incident, like a loud slap in the face, made the public deeply doubt the authenticity and integrity of online celebrity. It reflects many problems such as lack of trust, chaotic team management and difficult supervision in online celebrity.

  Similarly, the online celebrity "Liangshan Qubu" and "Zhao Linger" arrested last year were carefully hatched by a media company. By designing scripts and words, the company fabricated a simple hero image and a pure and kind heroine image for the two, creating a "original ecology of Liangshan" and winning the attention. After earning traffic, they opened online stores and broadcast live goods, and sold agricultural products nationwide under the banner of "helping farmers" and "high quality and original ecology", involving more than 10 million yuan.

  In a story full of falsehood and deception, the collapse of online celebrity’s houses became inevitable. When the lies were exposed and the truth surfaced, the disenchantment of online celebrity became an irreversible trend.

  Many online celebrity live broadcasts are not based on real experience, but are influenced by brand sponsorship, which makes consumers begin to doubt whether online celebrity’s recommendation is sincere. Driven by interests, the image presented to the public by online celebrity and his team became indistinguishable, which led to "family in mouth, business in mind" becoming the public’s new evaluation of online celebrity.

  When there are more and more examples of "Northeast Rain Sister", the public’s trust in online celebrity has dropped to freezing point. People are beginning to realize that online celebrity, who seems sincere and grounded, is actually just an actor wearing a mask, and their performance is just to attract traffic and earn money. This cognitive change has made the public’s attitude towards online celebrity more pragmatic and rational. They no longer trust online celebrity’s recommendation and delivery easily, but pay more attention to the essential factors such as price, quality, logistics and after-sales service.

  In this context, the live e-commerce industry has also reached the moment of big waves. Online celebrity and merchants who only pursue short-term interests and ignore the quality of goods and user experience are doomed to be eliminated by the market. Only those online celebrity and merchants who can insist on quality and pay attention to user experience can stand out in the fierce market competition and become the best in the industry.

  This year’s double 11 Shopping Festival has started, and all major platforms are gearing up for this annual feast. Different from previous years, in double 11 this year, major e-commerce companies seem to pay more attention to quality and service. Ali made it clear that this year’s live e-commerce in double 11 has entered a new stage of quality live broadcast from the entertainment red man mode. This means that the cooperation between merchants and online celebrity is slowly "cooling down". No matter users or businesses, they no longer excessively pursue the effect of online celebrity anchor bringing goods, but pay more attention to the quality of goods and services. This change is undoubtedly very suitable for the current market situation.

  As consumers gradually return to rationality, they no longer blindly pursue online celebrity and flow, but pay more attention to the actual value of goods and the quality of services. Therefore, the platform must also evolve to adapt to the changing needs of consumers.

  When live e-commerce is no longer deeply tied to online celebrity Talent, the whole industry will also usher in new changes. Those online celebrity talents who can’t adapt to market changes are doomed to be left behind by the platform and the times.

  In the face of the increasingly standardized short video and live broadcast industry, fake people are like castles in the air, which is difficult to last long. Only by continuous learning and outputting high-quality and valuable content can we gain a firm foothold in the fierce competition and promote the upward development of the industry. At the same time, online celebrity should also strengthen the restraint and self-discipline of their own behavior, and win the trust and support of consumers with integrity and quality.

  Comprehensive report by poster news editor Yu Chunhong

Health and Health Commission responds to the tight supply of influenza vaccine: the overall supply and demand are basically balanced now.

  Cctv newsOn January 25th, a press conference was held in National Health Commission to introduce the prevention and control of infectious diseases in winter and spring and the prevention and response of common diseases during festivals. When answering a reporter’s question, Lei Zheng Long, deputy director of the National Health Commission Municipal Bureau of Disease Control and Prevention, said that with the successive arrival of vaccines, the supply has been basically balanced.

  Reporter: It is reported that after the vaccine incident last year, there was a shortage of influenza vaccine supply in our country. Is there any data or what it is? Are there any measures to improve it?

  Lei Zheng Long: Because the vaccine manufacturers’ acquisition of influenza vaccine strains from the World Health Organization and the purchase of standard reagents were delayed by two months compared with previous years, the relevant work was delayed accordingly, which led to the time when influenza vaccines were started in previous years, and there were cases where vaccination sites had not yet started. However,With the subsequent arrival of vaccines, the current supply has been basically balanced.

  According to our statistics on the use of influenza vaccine,At present, 14.26 million vaccines have been purchased and 10.97 million vaccines have actually been vaccinated, which means that some vaccines have not been vaccinated this year. So now the overall supply and demand are basically balanced.

Google was sentenced to monopoly and may face these five penalties.

The U.S. district federal court recently sentenced Google, saying that it monopolized the search and advertising markets and violated the U.S. antitrust law.

Judge Amit P. Mehta said in his ruling that "Google is a monopolist" and said that these actions of Google violated Article 2 of the Sherman Act: it is forbidden for anyone to "monopolize, attempt to monopolize or collude with others to monopolize any part of any trade or business".

Judge Mehta pointed out in a 277-page ruling that Google almost controls 90% of the online search market and 95% of the smartphone market. There are also details of the agreement between Google and those browser developers and mobile device manufacturers, such as how to divide and pre-install Google search as the default engine. Google used these agreements to squeeze the market share of competitors, and the incentives for innovation and investment decreased, and the advertising fees also went up.

At present, it is only a preliminary judgment, which only involves the issue of corporate responsibility and does not involve specific punishment measures. The next decision may require it to stop some business activities, and may even split its search business. In addition, Google is also facing another federal antitrust case about advertising technology, which is expected to be heard in September.

Kent Walker, president of Google’s global affairs, said that he would appeal the ruling. He stressed that Google can dominate because it has built a best and most practical search engine, which is good for consumers and advertisers.

Some people have commented that this is one of the most important antitrust cases in this century, and it is also the beginning of a series of cases to be filed against large technology companies, which may profoundly change the business operation mode of Internet technology giants. This case may have an impact on other countries’ antitrust lawsuits against Google, Apple, Amazon and Meta (the parent companies of Facebook, Instagram and WhatsApp).

The last anti-monopoly ruling with such great influence dates back to more than 20 years ago, when the protagonist was Microsoft.

Complete award: https://assets.bwbx.io/documents/users/iqjhwhbfdfxiu/rz1ull.0yqbo/v0.

First, the great victory of the Ministry of Justice, Apple Meta Amazon is also taking a lawsuit.

This ruling is a great victory for the US Department of Justice, because they have been accusing Google of illegal monopoly in the Internet search market.

In 2020, the US Department of Justice and some states took Google to court, accusing it of illegally consolidating its market position and crowding out potential competitors such as Bing and DuckDuckGo by paying huge sums of money to companies such as Apple and Samsung to make Google search the default option on mobile phones and browsers.

"These agreements have given Google an unmatched scale for more than a decade," Judge Mehta wrote.

In September 2023, the case was officially launched in court. Judge Mehta agreed with a part of the view in the lawsuit of the Ministry of Justice: Google did monopolize the "general search service" and "general search text ads". That is to say, through exclusive distribution agreement in the American market, the market monopoly position of general search service and general text advertisement has been established.

Google does invest huge sums of money in browsers such as Apple’s Safari and Mozilla’s Firefox every year to ensure that it can become the default search engine. In 2021, in order to maintain the default status of their search engines, Google paid Apple about $18 billion, and signed similar agreements with Mozilla and Samsung. It also makes the default status of some apps a condition for Android phones to access the Play Store. In addition, an expert witness of Google inadvertently revealed that Google and Apple shared 36% of Safari search advertising revenue.

Kent Walker, president of Google’s global affairs, said that he would appeal this ruling. He said: "Although the court’s ruling recognizes that our search engine is the best, the conclusion seems to mean that we should not let everyone use it so easily. In the process of continuing our appeal, we will still focus on making things that everyone finds useful and convenient to use. "

The CEO of DuckDuckGo stood up against Google in the trial. He supported the ruling, but he also knew that the struggle was far from over. In a statement, SVP Kamyl Bazbaz, who is in charge of public affairs at DuckDuckGo, said, "As we have seen in the EU and other regions, Google will try its best not to change. However, we know that there is a strong demand for alternative search engines in the market, and this ruling will help us provide more choices. "

During the trial, Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella expressed his concern about Google’s dominant position in the market. He believed that the relationship between Google and Apple had formed a "Google network", a situation close to "oligopoly". If Google continues to develop without hindrance, it is likely to dominate AI.

This is the first ruling in a series of science and technology monopoly cases filed by the US government in recent years. Legal scholars predict that this ruling will affect the government’s anti-monopoly litigation against other technology giants.

It has been twenty years since the anti-monopoly lawsuit of the Ministry of Justice against Microsoft in 2001 and the next anti-monopoly case against Google.(The Google case was filed in 2020). Since 2020, more similar cases have appeared soon.

At present, Amazon, Apple and Meta are all facing monopoly lawsuits filed by the US government. The Justice Department has sued Apple, accusing it of making it difficult for consumers to give up the iPhone. The FTC sued Meta, arguing that Meta suppressed emerging competitors, and also sued Amazon, accusing them of squeezing sellers in the online market.

Second, if you lose the case, Google may face five penalties.

In the United States, the default search engine for every new mobile phone is almost Google. For users, Monday’s ruling on Google may mean that Google will no longer be the ubiquitous boss in the future.

At present, Judge Mehta needs to make a further ruling on how to deal with Google. He has arranged a hearing in September and will discuss specific punishment measures then.

Next, he may order a major adjustment to the default settings of the new device, requiring users to choose their own default search engine before the first search, and may also ask Google to sell some of its services.

However, because Google has appealed this judgment, the whole legal process may be delayed for many years, and may even never be implemented.

Here are five possible punishments proposed by professionals.

1. It is forbidden for Google to continue to sign exclusive distribution agreements with large companies.

There are three main ways for American courts to solve the monopoly problem: ordering the end of illegal acts, making rules to prevent them from happening again, and taking any necessary additional measures.

In order to meet the first requirement, the most common prediction is that Mehta will prohibit Google from continuing to sign agreements on default engines with companies such as Apple, Samsung and Mozilla.

"At the very least, the Ministry of Justice will ask for an injunction prohibiting Google from engaging in acts that the court considers inappropriate." William Kovacic said that he was a member of the antitrust regulator of the US Federal Trade Commission.

Location is very important. Mehta’s ruling found that even if users can easily change the default settings, most people will not change them.

But some people do prefer Google. Bing is the default search engine for some Microsoft devices, which is why "Google.com" is the most popular search term on Bing.

In the future, users who like to use Google may have to search for "Google.com" in other search engines.

2. Remind users to change Google more frequently.

Mehta can follow the example of the EU. The European Union has been asking Google to provide search engine options on Android devices for years, and recently extended this rule to Chrome browsers.

This regulation in Europe has not made Google’s substitutes popular, because users still recognize Google more than users. The horse has gone out of the stable, but one problem with free choice is that it may not reduce Google’s market share. Herbert Hovenkamp, an antitrust scholar at the University of Pennsylvania, said.

However, if Mehta takes this approach, he should further improve the EU rules, said SVP Kamyl Bazbaz of DuckDuckGo’s public affairs department. Users should see the prompt to choose a search engine regularly, not just once. At the same time, users should not be disturbed by Google pop-ups, and Google can’t pop up from time to time to remind users to switch the default search engine back to Google. When you use another search engine for the first time, you should also be able to set it as the default with one click.

In this way, some people may give up Google more firmly, but various frequent default settings reminders may upset some people.

3. Stripping the search business from Google

In recent years, the judicial department is more inclined to take structural punishment measures, such as requiring companies to divest some businesses. The most famous example is the split of the telephone giant Bell Company in 1980s, after which a number of independent companies including AT&T were created.

However, not all cases will be supported by the court. For example, in the case of Microsoft, they lost the antitrust lawsuit in the 1990s, and it was not split in the end, but Microsoft finally agreed to a series of behavioral adjustments.

Regulators prefer to divest the company’s business once and for all, so that the problem can be solved once and for all, and there is no need to continuously monitor whether the company complies with the regulations.

The difficulty is to determine which business parts should be divested. John Kwoka, an economics professor at Northeastern University, pointed out that the key is to identify the businesses that Google has and "distort its own incentive mechanism". For example, if the search business is divested, Google’s Android system may be allowed to cooperate with more search engines.

Hovenkamp is skeptical about whether stripping off the search business can really increase market competition. After all, this service is very popular. He said, "Even if Google search is sold, it will only give another company the dominant position. I’m not sure what kind of split can really be effective."

Some financial analysts who specialize in Google’s parent company Alphabet are also not optimistic about this practice. Moody’s rating VP Emile El Nems believes that "Alphabet’s large scale, strong execution and stable financial situation have reduced legal risks and the possible financial and business model impact."

Some legal experts have imagined a possible future scenario: search results are provided by Google, but advertising services are handled by a company separated from Google. One possible problem with this arrangement is that the accuracy of advertising may decline and may even become more annoying.

4. Force Google to share data and algorithms with competitors.

Judge Mehta emphasized in his ruling that Google received far more searches than any other search engine, and these data promoted the optimization of their algorithms, so it had a good user experience.

One of the most radical punishments is to ask Google to share data or algorithms with its competitors to make them stronger.

Rebecca Haw Allensworth, a professor at Vanderbilt University, said: "Courts usually don’t like to force competitors to share such data, but judges seem to be very concerned about how Google’s behavior weakens competitors’ competitiveness in the scale of search data." "Compulsory data sharing can directly solve this problem."

Bazbaz Baz of DuckDuckGo mentioned that all the queries users make on Google and all the results they click on are data that may be shared.

However, he needs to provide necessary technical support and customer service to ensure that other applications can also obtain Google’s search results, and can integrate these results into his own service to provide users with a competitive search experience.

Other competitors believe that Google is not doing well enough in this regard at present.

"Only by taking various punishment measures can competitors enter the market and rely on the advantages of their own products for fair competition." Lee Hepner, senior lawyer of the American Economic Freedom Project, said.

Any method involving Google’s sharing of data may cause users’ privacy concerns. If the strength of competitors increases, they will also have a greater chance to get the default settings. This means that those users who prefer to use Google may need to do some extra operations to return to their accustomed Google search.

5. Strengthen supervision to prevent Google from getting worse.

The US Department of Justice will propose possible punishment measures to Judge Mehta, and Google will have the opportunity to refute it. At present, neither side has disclosed their specific requirements.

In some other antitrust cases, Google continues to restrict competition by designing products and changing policies, one of which is to make it difficult for competitors to bear the cost of competition.

Bazbaz Baz of DuckDuckGo judged, "Google will do everything it can to hinder progress." Therefore, he hopes that Judge Mehta can establish a regulatory body to implement these measures and ensure that Google can abide by these regulations.

He also hopes that Google is required to invest in public education programs to let users know the benefits of changing to a search engine. Through these regulatory and public relations measures, users may frequently hear information about Google’s search antitrust case for a long time to come.

Third, if you lose, the worst thing may be Firefox.

Although Google lost the case in Monday’s ruling, the court did not rule that Google should implement the appeal of the Ministry of Justice. It is unlikely that the court will force Apple to abandon Google as a search partner, but it may demand that the terms of the agreement be changed to create a level playing field, such as providing multiple searches instead of becoming the default search.

If Google is asked to withdraw its agreement with Apple, theoretically, after consumers open new devices for the first time, Safari interface will display different options-such as Microsoft Bing, DuckDuckGo, etc., and Google will become a parallel choice.

At the same time, Apple will not be able to get this huge sum of money from Google. This is really a major blow to it. On Monday, Apple’s share price fell by nearly 5%. However, Apple does have diversified businesses and a wide range of income sources, so it will not fall into financial difficulties.

At present, Apple has gradually got rid of its dependence on traditional Internet search engines through artificial intelligence technology.

Apple’s eyes are on AI, improving and enriching Siri’s functions, and introducing OpenAI’s ChatGPT and Google’s Gemini chat bot into Apple’s mobile phone. Future consumers will be guided to Apple’s built-in AI and Siri instead of web browsers.

In the next few months, Apple’s system interface will change. The upcoming Apple Intelligence may change the way people use the iPhone and other devices. Once the new "type into Siri" function is implemented, users can query the AI assistant from anywhere on the iPhone, iPad or Mac interface without talking to Siri.

Apple’s coping strategy actually presents a feature of the struggle between the government and the technology industry. Technology is developing so fast that when the government liquidates it, the industry has entered the next innovation era. Apple will have the opportunity to reach new non-exclusive agreements with artificial intelligence companies such as Google, which will not violate the legal rules of the US government.

In contrast, the situation of another partner of Google is not optimistic.

Mozilla, a non-profit technology organization, is the developer of Firefox browser. After users enter text in Firefox browser and click query, the interface will automatically use Google’s search engine. According to the Mozilla Foundation’s recently published financial statement for 2021-2022, 510 million of the 593 million dollars in revenue came from Google’s search payment. If Google’s $510 million disappears completely, Mozilla will face a major financial crisis.

Mozilla first emerged in the late 1990s. At that time, the Internet Explorer browser developed by Microsoft almost had a monopoly position in the web browser market. As a community-driven project, Mozilla has been trying to break this situation. Monday’s ruling is a new challenge, or a setback, it encountered in the market dominated by giants. Earlier this year, Mozilla laid off about 60 employees and the CEO announced his resignation.

At present, Mozilla is still very brave and has not directly solved the survival problem that the ruling may pose. A spokesperson for Mozilla said, "Mozilla has always supported consumers’ competition and choice, especially in search. We are closely reviewing the court’s ruling, considering its potential impact on Mozilla, and how we can take active actions in the next step … Firefox will continue to provide a series of search options to satisfy users’ preferences and cultivate a competitive market."

Fourth, a lesson from the past: the Microsoft monopoly case finally ended in reconciliation.

The last important U.S. court ruling on science and technology antitrust was the Microsoft case in the 1990s.

In this trial against Google’s monopoly, Google repeatedly tried to explain the difference between this case and the case against Microsoft in that year. Google believes that today’s competition threshold in the search field is far lower than Microsoft’s control over personal computer software.

The current antitrust case against Microsoft has set the tone for the contest between the government and Google. The Ministry of Justice and some states believe that this search giant is following the old path of Microsoft, but the battlefield has shifted to different technology markets.

The general process is as follows:

Litigation: In May 1998, the U.S. Department of Justice, together with 19 states and the District of Columbia, filed an antitrust lawsuit against Microsoft. The main reasons for the prosecution include: Microsoft abused its monopoly position in the operating system market, squeezed out its competitors through improper means, especially bundling Internet Explorer with Windows, and attacked Netscape Navigator of Netscape.

Preliminary judgment: In June, 2000, federal judge Thomas Penfield Jackson ruled that Microsoft violated antitrust and ordered Microsoft to split into two independent entities: one responsible for operating system business and the other responsible for software application business.

Appeal and settlement: Microsoft appealed this judgment. During the appeal, Microsoft continued to argue that their behavior was a legitimate business strategy, not anti-competitive behavior, while trying to reconcile with the government to avoid the company being split up. In June 2001, the court of appeal overturned the order to split the company, but upheld the ruling that Microsoft violated the anti-monopoly law. The case was remanded to a new judge.

Final settlement: After a series of negotiations, in November 2001, the US Department of Justice and Microsoft reached a settlement agreement. The agreement came into effect on November 1, 2002.

The main contents of reconciliation:

The final settlement agreement did not require the separation of Microsoft, which is a major difference from the original judgment.

After the settlement, science and technology critic Cringely wrote in his personal column that it is impossible to split Microsoft. Microsoft has firmly controlled the market, and only major internal mistakes can make it die. "Now the only way for Microsoft to die is to commit suicide."

In the end, the verdict on Microsoft weakened Microsoft’s dominant position in the technology industry and made room for other technology companies (such as Google and Apple) to develop. This case also affected the European Union, which made a similar ruling against Microsoft in 2004.

The US antitrust case against Microsoft also laid the foundation for the competition rules of digital giants at that time.

Reference article:

https://www.theverge.com/2024/8/5/24155520/judge-rules-on-us-doj-v-google-antitrust-search-suit

https://www.nytimes.com/2024/08/05/technology/google-antitrust-ruling.html

https://techcrunch.com/2024/08/05/google-loses-massive-antitrust-case-over-search/

https://fortune.com/2024/08/05/mozilla-firefox-biggest-potential-loser-google-antitrust-search-ruling/

https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-08-05/apple-s-shift-to-ai-is-poised-to-soften-blow-from-google-ruling

https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/14/business/google-antitrust-microsoft-precedent.html

This article comes from WeChat WeChat official account:Founder Park, by Founder Park

Full nomination list for the 81st Academy Awards

Topic: The 81st Academy Awards

 


Whitaker and Sid Ganis, Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences, read out the nomination list for Oscar winner.



Whitaker and Ganis, Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences, read out the nomination list for best picture in the Oscar.


  At 5: 30am local time on Thursday 22nd, and at 21: 30pm Beijing time on 22nd, Forest Whitaker and Sid Ganis, president of Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, jointly read out the nomination list for the 81st Oscar at Samuel Goldwyn Theater in Beverly Hills.


  The Curious Case of Benjamin Button, starring Brad Pitt, won the Oscar despite nothing at the Golden Globe Awards, and won 13 nominations including best film, best director and best actor. The Golden Globe best film Slumdog Millionaire was slightly defeated, with only 10 nominations, and the two will continue to compete for the Oscar for best picture. Brad Pitt will compete with phillip rourke, the Golden Globe winner. What makes people feel interesting is that following Brad Pitt’s footsteps, Angelina Jolie was nominated for Best Actress for "Changing the Son".



Phillip rourke won the Golden Globe for The Wrestler. (data map)


  It was rumored that Kawara Tsutomu the Robot was expected to be the best animated film nominated again after Beauty and the Beast. Finally, Kawara Tsutomu the Robot decided to compete with Kung Fu Panda and Lightning Dog for the best animated film Oscar.


  The list of nominations for the 81st Academy Awards is as follows:


  Best Picture (best picture)


  The The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (The), Paramount.


  Frost/Nixon, The World.


  Milk, the focus.


  The Reader, Varnstam.


  Slumdog Millionaire, Fox searchlight.


  Best director (Directing)


  Danny Bauer, Slumdog Millionaire.


  Steven Dowley, The Reader.


  David fincher, The The Curious Case of Benjamin Button.


  Ron Howard, Foster’s Dialogue with Nixon (Frost/Nixon)


  Garth Van Sant, Milk.


  Best actor (Actor in a Leading Role)


  Richard jenkins, The Visitor.


  Frank Langella, Frost/Nixon.


  Sean penn, Milk.


  Brad Pitt, The The Curious Case of Benjamin Button.


  Phillip rourke, The The Wrestler.


  Best actress (Actress in a Leading Role)


  Anne Hathaway, Rachel Getting Married.


  Angelina Jolie, Changeling the Baby.


  Melissa leo, Frozen River.


  Meryl Streep, Doubt of Child Abuse (DOBT)


  Kate Winslet, The Reader.


  Best supporting actor (Actor in a Supporting Role)


  Josh brolin, Milk.


  Robert Downey Jr., Tropic Thunder.


  Philip seymour hoffman, Doubt of Child Abuse (DOBT)


  Heath Ledger, The Dark Knight.


  Michael shannon, Revolutionary Road.


  Best supporting actress (Actress in a Supporting Role)


  Amy adams, Doubt of Child Abuse (DOBT)


  Penélope Cruz Sánchez , Vicky Cristina Barcelona.


  Viola Davis, Doubt of Child Abuse (Doubt)


  Taraji Henson, The The Curious Case of Benjamin Button.


  Melissa Tome, The The Wrestler.


  Best Animated Feature Film (animated feature film)


  Bolt, Disney Company


  Kung Fu Panda, Paramount DreamWorks


  Kawara Tsutomu the Robot (Wall-E), Disney.


  Best Foreign Language Film (foreign language film)


  The Baader Meinhof Complex (Germany)


  Entre les murs/The Class (France)


  "Embarrassment", sent to people/Okuribito, Japan


  Revenge (Revanche, Austria)


  Waltz With Bashir (Israel)


  Best score (Music Score)


  The The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (The), Paramount.


  "Resistance", Paramount looked at it.


  Milk, the focus.


  Slumdog Millionaire, Fox searchlight.


  Kawara Tsutomu the Robot (Wall-E), Disney.


  The best song (Music Song)


  Jaiho, A. R. Rahman; Slumdog Millionaire, Fox searchlight.


  Back to Earth, Peter Gabriel/Thomas Newman; Kawara Tsutomu the Robot (Wall-E), Disney.


  O Saya, A. R. Rahman; Slumdog Millionaire, Fox searchlight.


  Best original screenplay (Writing Original Screenplay)


  Dustin lance black, Milk.


  Andrew stanton, Kawara Tsutomu the Robot (Wall-E)


  Courtney hunt, Frozen River.


  Mike leigh, Happy-Go-Lucky.


  Martin mcdonagh, "Killers Don’t Have Holidays" (In Bruges)


  Best adapted screenplay (Writing Adapted Screenplay)


  Eric roth, The The Curious Case of Benjamin Button.


  John patrick shanley, Doubt of Child Abuse (DOBT)


  Peter morgan, Foster’s Dialogue with Nixon (Frost/Nixon)


  David Hare, The Reader.


  Simon beaufoy, Slumdog Millionaire.


  Best Sound Editing (sound editing)


  The Dark Knight, Warner Bros.


  Iron Man, Paramount


  Slumdog Millionaire, Fox searchlight.


  Kawara Tsutomu the Robot (Wall-E), Disney.


  Wanted, Universal


  Best Sound Mixing


  Wanted, Universal


  Kawara Tsutomu the Robot (Wall-E), Disney.


  Slumdog Millionaire, Fox searchlight.


  The The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (The).


  The Dark Knight, Warner Bros.


  Best Visual Effects (visual effects)


  The The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (The), Paramount.


  The Dark Knight, Warner Bros.


  Iron Man, Paramount


  Best Art Direction (art direction)


  Changeling the Baby, Universal.


  The The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (The), Paramount.


  The Dark Knight, Warner Bros.


  The Duchess, focus


  Revolutionary Road, Mayquez, Milla.


  Best Makeup (make up)


  The The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (The), Paramount.


  The Dark Knight, Warner Bros.


  Hellboy II: The Golden Army, Universal.


  Best photography (Cinematography y)


  Deborah Harper, Changeling the Baby.


  Claudio Miranda, The The Curious Case of Benjamin Button.


  Wiley Pfister, The Dark Knight.


  Roger deakins, Chris Mungis, The Reader.


  Anthony dod mantle, Slumdog Millionaire.


  Best Costume Design (Costume design)


  Australia, 20th Century Fox.


  The The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (The), Paramount.


  The Duchess, focus


  Milk, the focus.


  Revolutionary Road, Mayquez, Milla.


  The best editing (Film Editing)


  The The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (The), Paramount.


  The Dark Knight, Warner Bros.


  Frost/Nixon, The World.


  Milk, the focus.


  Slumdog Millionaire, Fox searchlight.


  Best live Short Film (Live Action)


  Auf der Strecke/On the Line


  Manon on the Asphalt.


  New Boy


  The Pig


  Toyland (Spielzeugland/Toyland)


  Best animated Short Film (Animated)


  《La Maison en Petits Cubes》


  《Lavatory – Lovestory》


  《Oktapodi》


  《Presto》


  《This Way Up》


  Best Documentary Feature (documentary feature)


  The Betrayal-Nerakhoon, North American distribution company to be determined.


  Adventures at the end of the world, thoughts


  The Garden, North American distribution company to be determined.


  Man on Wire, Mulan Pictures


  Trouble the Water, the spirit of the times


  Best documentary short film (Documentary Short)


  The conscience of Nhem En the conscience of nhemen


  The last inch The Final Inch


  The Witness from the Balcony of Room 306


  Smiling pinki


 

Editor: Feng Ye

Flash! CDE issued the Technical Guiding Principles for Pharmaceutical Research and Evaluation of Specific Human Immunoglobulin.

      In order to standardize and guide the R&D, production and registration of specific human immunoglobulin, and further clarify the technical evaluation standards, under the deployment of National Medical Products Administration, the Drug Testing Center organized and formulated the Technical Guiding Principles for Pharmaceutical Research and Evaluation of Specific Human Immunoglobulin (see Annex).
       According to the requirements of the Notice of the General Department of National Medical Products Administration on Printing and Distributing the Release Procedures of Drug Technical Guidelines (No.9 [2020] of the General Administration of Drug Administration), with the approval of National Medical Products Administration, it is hereby promulgated and shall come into force as of the date of promulgation.
       This is for your information.

       Appendix: Technical Guiding Principles for Pharmaceutical Research and Evaluation of Specific Human Immunoglobulin
National Medical Products Administration yaoshen center
May 20, 2022   
I. Overview

Specific human immunoglobulin (HIG) is a highly effective immunoglobulin preparation prepared from plasma containing specific antibodies.

The sources of plasma include plasma with high titer antibody after the patient recovered from infection with a pathogen, and plasma containing specific antibodies by hyperimmune injection of healthy blood donors, that is, injection of vaccines or other antigens to make the injected people produce antibodies. Specific human immunoglobulin (hereinafter referred to as "special immune product") is an indispensable blood product because it contains specific antibodies with high titer, and its effectiveness in preventing and treating specific diseases is better than that of ordinary human immunoglobulin.

In order to encourage, standardize and guide the research and development of special exemption products, this guiding principle is formulated with reference to the relevant technical requirements at home and abroad and combined with the actual situation in China. This guiding principle is only based on the current technical development and scientific cognition, aiming at the general pharmaceutical research technical requirements of special exemption products. The applicant/holder can also adopt other more effective methods and means according to the actual situation of the research and development of the exempted products, but it should conform to the law of drug research and development and provide scientific and reasonable basis to ensure the safety, effectiveness and controllable quality of the products. 

Second, the scope of application 

These guiding principles are applicable to the special immunity products made of specific antibody plasma obtained by direct screening of specific antibody of plasma donors and active immunization. They have similar product characteristics and pharmacological characteristics, and their pharmaceutical requirements are both common and different. At present, the varieties included in People’s Republic of China (PRC) Pharmacopoeia (hereinafter referred to as China Pharmacopoeia) include hepatitis B human immunoglobulin, rabies human immunoglobulin, tetanus human immunoglobulin, etc. The research and development and registration of special exemption products at home and abroad are shown in Schedule 1, and the modes of administration are divided into intravenous injection, intramuscular injection and subcutaneous injection.

III. General principles 

1. Security. 

Because of the particularity of blood products, there is a potential risk of virus pollution, and virus safety control is the core content of blood products quality control. The collection, inspection, storage, transportation, traceability and the immune requirements of plasma donors of the plasma exempted products shall conform to the provisions of "Plasma for Blood Products Production" in China Pharmacopoeia and "Quality Management Standard for Plasma Collection Stations". It is suggested that screening research on B19 and other pathogens should be carried out according to product characteristics and clinical users, especially some special varieties (such as anti-D immunoglobulin). It is suggested that the applicant/holder cooperate with relevant departments to carry out epidemiological monitoring in the area where the plasma station is located. Actively promote the detection technology of nucleic acid in raw plasma and mixed plasma, and formulate standards and requirements. Special attention should be paid to the epidemic situation and detection methods of new and sudden infectious diseases.

2. Specific antibody screening. 

The accuracy and reliability of specific antibody screening results is the key to ensure the quality of raw plasma. In the case of large-scale production, the amount of single plasma detection involved is large, so it is necessary to establish a suitable antibody titer detection method and fully verify it by the method in the early stage of research and development. Single plasma can be screened for specific antibodies by immunolabeling method, and the correlation between binding titer and neutralization titer can be established. The combined plasma, stock solution and preparation shall be tested for specific antibodies by the method specified in China Pharmacopoeia or the verified method. Usually, based on virus neutralization test (mouse neutralization test, micro-cell lesion count and plaque reduction test), immunolabeling test (enzyme labeling, fluorescence labeling, isotope labeling, etc.), hemagglutination inhibition test, immunodiffusion test, immunoturbidimetry test or other immune/biochemical tests, the research is carried out by quantitative and semi-quantitative methods based on reference materials.

3. Production technology 

The process development of this kind of products can refer to the process of similar products that have been listed, and platform technology can be used. The use of chromatography is encouraged to improve the purity of products, but the selection of chromatographic parameters and the influence of the quality of chromatographic resin on the quality of products should be fully considered, and the inactivation and removal ability of viruses by the process should be paid special attention to. The verification of virus inactivation/removal should meet the requirements of General Principles of China Pharmacopoeia "Virus Safety Control of Biological Products", "Technical Methods and Verification Guidelines for Virus Removal/Inactivation of Blood Products" and technical documents such as ICH and WHO.

Management rules and operating procedures should be established for personnel safety protection and wastes in the production process, bioactive substances and viruses should be inactivated according to proven inactivation treatment methods, and effective protective measures should be taken to protect operators to avoid risks such as virus transmission.

Four, pharmaceutical research and evaluation points 

(1) Raw plasma and materials for production 

1, plasma source and quality control 

Quality control of single plasma: single plasma must meet the relevant quality control requirements issued by the national health administrative department. Raw plasma used for production must have legal sources (plasma station certification documents, etc.) and pass inspection and quarantine, and should have complete reagent data (marketing certification documents, etc.) and screening records (antigens/antibodies/nucleic acids) for screening blood-borne infection markers.

Immune procedure: immune procedure and dosage of antigen used are the key factors to determine the concentration and titer of antibody in plasma. It is necessary to define the immunization methods. For example, when active immunization is carried out with approved vaccines or other antigens, these immunogens should have complete source certification information and batch information. The immunization program should refer to the requirements of vaccine instructions, or be formulated according to the immunogenicity of antigen and the reactivity of plasma donors, but the specific immunization program adopted should prove its safety. Subjects should have full right to know, and at the same time make corresponding countermeasures for possible problems. 

Quality control of mixed plasma: A certain amount of plasma should be mixed, which should meet the requirements of China Pharmacopoeia in combination with product characteristics. At present, ordinary people are required to mix the plasma of at least 1000 plasma donors. Specially exempted products generally require plasma mixing from at least 100 plasma donors, except for some special varieties (such as anti-D immunoglobulin products).

No matter the plasma obtained by active immunization with approved vaccine or immunogen or the plasma immunized after natural infection, the specific antibody content standard of each plasma and combined plasma should be formulated at the time of IND declaration. The plasma whose antibody level is up to the standard is used for plasma production. For varieties that have not been recorded in China Pharmacopoeia, there should be a clear basis and a proven detection method for determining the titer of specific antibodies in raw plasma and preparations. When NDA is declared for the varieties included in China Pharmacopoeia, the antibody titer standard should not be lower than the requirements of China Pharmacopoeia.

2. Raw materials for production 

Strict quality control of raw materials used in the production of special exemption products is a necessary measure to reduce the risk of contamination by exogenous factors or toxic impurities in products and avoid the activation of other factors in plasma. In addition to clear sources, quality standards and inspection reports, raw materials for production should also focus on the use of animal-derived raw materials (such as heparin) and avoid using animal-derived raw materials as much as possible. TSE/BSE risk assessment should be conducted for raw materials used in production. 

When using filter AIDS (perlite, diatomaceous earth, etc.), filter membranes and filter element materials in the separation process, it is necessary to establish appropriate quality control standards according to the requirements of different process stages, control the introduction risk of exogenous factors, control bacterial endotoxin and heavy metals, and formulate reasonable limit requirements. In addition, it is necessary to pay attention to the risk of residues that may be mixed into the final product and potentially harmful to human body, and control them if necessary.

(2) Production technology 

1. Stock solution 

The initial raw material of the special immunity products is raw plasma or plasma components. The modified Cohn method or KistlerNitschmann method can be used to separate the special immunity products, and other methods can also be used for separation and purification, such as octanoate precipitation and chromatography. 

The separation and purification process adopted should ensure that the physicochemical and biological properties of the product and the biological activity of the Fc segment of IgG are well preserved. The production process must avoid or eliminate the pollution of microorganisms (bacteria, viruses) and their metabolites (pyrogens) to the maximum extent. It is necessary to strengthen the control of production process and consider the influence of the removal of filter AIDS and the selection of filter media on the products. It should be paid attention to that IgG fractions obtained by different separation methods may contain higher levels of IgA and IgM. At the same time, attention should be paid to the rationality of sterilization and filtration steps, and the integrity of the filtered membrane should be checked.

It is necessary to specify the amount of slurry for pre-clinical, clinical samples and market-scale samples. Generally, continuous production should be carried out, and the production capacity of each process step should be matched with each other, and the processing should be completed at one time. In each process step, it is the key to determine the process control parameters and scope and meet the requirements. When using ethanol and other precipitation methods, it is necessary to control the quality of ethanol and other reagents, and study the protein concentration, temperature, pH value, ionic strength, treatment time and so on, so as to define the acceptable limit range. In the process of dissolution and precipitation of plasma components, avoiding IgG coprecipitation is the key to improve the product yield, especially the key indexes such as temperature and adding time should be fully studied to investigate the influence on the key quality indexes such as protein purity and molecular size distribution. When chromatographic method is used, it is necessary to optimize chromatographic conditions and determine reasonable parameters according to the nature and concentration of protein in the product, such as the capacity of chromatographic column, ionic strength of feed solution and buffer solution, pH value of buffer solution, flow rate, contact time and temperature, etc. The determination of these parameters should be based on the research data of process development, and limit standards and allowable ranges should be formulated. At the same time, it is necessary to study the cleaning and regeneration (service life) of chromatographic resin, the load of chromatographic column and the extract, especially the use of chromatographic packing with potentially harmful ligands. It is necessary to pay attention to the volume, protein concentration, recovery rate and electrophoretic purity of each separation and purification step, and evaluate the process-related impurities (such as ethanol, sedimentation aid, IgA, aluminum, heavy metal ions, etc.) and product-related impurities.(such as polymers, etc.). If necessary, in order to prove the ability of the process to remove impurities, it may be necessary to use standard addition test to evaluate the ability of the process to remove some potential pollutants. If operations that may affect product quality, such as temporary storage and transportation of intermediate products, need to be supported by necessary stability research data.

Encourage the use of innovative and improved processes (including the improvement of ethanol separation process) to improve the utilization rate of plasma and improve the quality of special exemption products. In the early stage of process development, attention should be paid to the identification of key process parameters, the integrity of process control in different separation stages and the rationality of process parameter setting. If the applicant/holder has already marketed products with the same separation and purification process, and the existing process research data and control parameters can be used for reference, the process verification of three batches of new special exemption products should be carried out. 

Considering the preciousness of plasma resources, the pilot-scale research data suitable for clinical trials can also be used for the declaration of IND stage. However, when applying for NDA, it is necessary to have complete commercial scale research data.

2. Preparation 

Clarify single prescription and batch prescription, and explain the basis of rationality of preparation prescription. Auxiliary materials suitable for medical use should be used, and the stability of the supply chain should be ensured. For accessories from multiple suppliers, it is necessary to carry out full research. For brand-new excipients that have not been used in similar preparations at home and abroad, a comprehensive study should be carried out and related declarations should be made. No bacteriostatic agent shall be added to the special exemption products for intravenous injection. Because some cosolvents (such as polysorbate 80) have the potential risk of causing allergic reaction and hemolysis reaction, safety evaluation should be carried out. The preparation process (such as stirring speed) should be studied. In principle, the preparation of semi-finished products should come from a batch of stock solutions. If different batches of stock solutions are used to prepare semi-finished products, the possible risks should be evaluated.

The temperature of products, the duration of packaging, the temperature and humidity of packaging environment should be controlled. Special exemption products involving freeze-drying technology should have data such as freeze-drying process parameters and freeze-drying curves verified by commercial batches, indicating the influence of freeze-drying technology on product quality, especially on biological activity.

3. Process verification 

For the products exempt from intramuscular injection, it is necessary to determine the process flow and key process parameters before NDA declaration, and continuously produce three batches of products to verify the stability of the process, so as to provide a supporting basis for the products to go on the market. For the special exemption products for intravenous injection, the process flow and key process parameters should be determined as far as possible before the confirmatory clinical trial, and the stability of the process should be verified by continuous production of three batches. If there are differences between clinical trial samples and commercial scale batches in terms of production technology or site, it is suggested to carry out change research, and it is suggested to carry out research and exploration on the worst process conditions at an appropriate stage, and it is necessary to prove that qualified products can be produced under the determined process parameters and quality control limits. If multiple production sites or production lines are involved, verification research should be carried out. 

(III) Virus safety and virus removal/inactivation verification 

The detection of single plasma and mixed plasma should meet the requirements of China Pharmacopoeia, and the number of cases of mixed plasma should meet the sensitivity requirements of the kit/detection method. For anti-D immunoglobulin, the nucleic acid load of B19 virus in plasma should be ensured to be less than <104 IU/ml.

Because of the differences in the ability of inactivation/removal of lipid-coated and non-coated viruses by various methods, it is recommended to use two virus inactivation/removal methods with different mechanisms to carry out verification, and to clarify the technical conditions and control parameters of virus inactivation/removal process steps, including product uniformity, upper and lower temperature limits, inactivation time, filtration pressure/speed/temperature/solution composition/membrane integrity, etc. Attention should be paid to the rationality of setting the position of deactivation/removal process steps. When selecting virus removal/inactivation method, the effect of virus inactivation/removal should be balanced with product activity and general safety. 

It is necessary to consider the potential interaction between inactivation steps, the influence of inactivation process on antibody integrity and clinical efficacy, whether new immunogens are formed and the risk of toxic residues that may be introduced. If the production process changes, which may affect the virus removal ability, it needs to be verified again. In addition, the samples used for inspection should be representative of the process. With the development of technology, some new methods of virus inactivation can also be applied in special exemption products, which need to be proved to be scientific and effective and fully verified.

If the products with the same process steps have been approved and registered, and the virus inactivation/removal process has been verified, the newly declared products will only change the mode of administration, and the products with the same production equipment, process and operation as the original products in commercial batches can not be subjected to virus inactivation/removal process repeatedly on the premise of meeting the relevant technical requirements such as Technical Methods and Verification Guidelines for Removing/Inactivating Viruses from Blood Products and Technical Guidelines for Pharmaceutical Change Research of Listed Biological Products.

In order to ensure the virus safety of the final product, we should consider the setting of plasma station from epidemiological data, strictly select plasma donors, screen plasma and manage the quarantine period, optimize the production process and add virus removal/inactivation steps, and evaluate the virus removal ability of the whole process steps of producing products. To evaluate the virus inactivation/removal ability of the production process and the maximum load of specific virus that may exist in the initial plasma, and to ensure the virus safety of the product to the greatest extent, it is necessary to ensure that the verification includes the worst case.

(D) Quality research and control 

1. Analysis of physical and chemical characteristics 

It is necessary to gradually improve the analysis of physical and chemical characteristics in combination with product types, preparation types and drug development stages. IND declaration can be made based on the preliminary research data of physical and chemical characteristics, and NDA declaration should be made by comparing the physical and chemical characteristics, including antibody integrity, antibody subtype distribution, circular dichroism analysis, etc.

2. Biological activity 

Biological activity research should be fully carried out, and it is suggested to study the correlation between binding titer and neutralization titer detection methods. From the aspects of supporting the rationality of the process and considering the influence of the process on the product, it is suggested to establish a method for detecting the biological function of Fc, and to study the sialic acid content of Fc segment in the development stage. Production technology, antibody titer, IgG polymer, IgG subclass, etc. will affect the results of biological function test of Fc. In addition, it is suggested to analyze the binding ability of Fc segment to immune cell surface receptors, the activation of complement function by Fc segment, and the regulation of phagocytosis.

3. Purity and impurities 

Attention should be paid to the components that affect the function of this kind of products, and the purity is generally not less than 95%. In addition to carrying out research on impurity residues and proving the ability of the process to remove impurities, the impurity level limits of batches at different stages (if there are clinical and commercial batches) should be set reasonably. It is suggested that a sensitive method should be used to control the content of impurity protein. 

Polymers produced during the preparation of special immunity products are related to anti-complement activity (ACA), and the content of IgG polymers should be controlled. In order to prevent patients with congenital IgA deficiency from causing serious allergic reaction after using special immunity products, the content of IgA should be controlled. The content of anti-A and anti-B hemagglutinin should be studied and the limit standard should be established to prevent hemolytic reaction caused by large amount of infusion. Encourage the detection of coagulation activator levels and establish standards. It is suggested that anti-D antibody detection should be carried out for intravenous special immunity products from special plasma sources. In addition, in order to prevent the risk of thrombosis, it is suggested to control the FXIa content of intravenous special immunity products and establish standards.

Encourage the detection of other miscellaneous proteins in blood, such as kallikrein activator, immunoglobulin M, transferrin, albumin, α1- antitrypsin, α2 macroglobulin, haptoglobin, α1- acidic glycoprotein, ceruloplasmin, fibrinogen, antithrombin III, plasminogen, fibronectin and C1 esterase inhibitor.

Special exemption products, especially those for intravenous injection, should also focus on the control of insoluble particles. Insoluble particles can not be metabolized in human body, and it is easy to induce thrombosis if they stay in tiny blood vessels. The content of aluminum should be controlled. Aluminum has potential risks to the central nervous system, bones and other organs, and this risk is related to the infusion dose.

4, quality analysis and standards 

The listed special exemption products should meet the requirements of China Pharmacopoeia, and the rationality of testing items should be fully considered for new special exemption products. Quality standards should be set reasonably according to the characteristics of products with different administration methods, such as intravenous special exemption products, and FXIa factor, aluminum ion and IgA content should be increased.

When applying for IND, special attention should be paid to antibody titer, harmful residues and other related testing items.

When applying for NDA, the quality standards of stock solution, semi-finished products (if any) and preparation should be reasonably drawn up based on the data of various research and development stages and stability inspection, on the basis of statistical analysis of multiple batches, combined with the requirements of China Pharmacopoeia and the situation of similar products, with emphasis on the quality control of potency, and more stringent internal control standards should be encouraged. Advanced and mature methods should be used for titer detection, and various complementary analysis methods should be encouraged for quality control in the early stage of research and development. If auxiliary materials such as maltose, polysorbate 80 and glycine are added to the preparation, it should be controlled in the quality standard of the preparation and its content range should be defined.

5, analysis method and methodology verification 

Combined with the characteristics of products, select a reasonable analysis method and carry out sufficient methodological verification to ensure the feasibility of the method.
At the time of IND declaration, at least the preliminary verification of antibody titer and harmful residue detection method should be completed.

When applying for NDA, a complete analysis method should be established and verified. Clarify the accuracy, precision (including repeatability, intermediate precision and reproducibility), specificity, detection limit, quantitative limit, linearity, range and durability of the determination method. Methods other than those in China Pharmacopoeia should be fully verified when applying for NDA. If the determination method is changed greatly, the scope of re-verification should be determined according to the degree of revision of the method.

Establishment and verification of antibody titer detection methods: research on product-specific antibody titer detection methods and standards should be carried out before research and development. It is suggested to study the correlation between binding titer and neutralization titer detection methods. Try to use the method of China Pharmacopoeia, and try to choose the classic and industry-standard method for those not included in China Pharmacopoeia. Clarify the test operation flow, test parameters, preparation and calibration of work standards and criteria for judging results. According to the antibody titer detection method itself, select appropriate indicators to carry out methodological verification and establish verification scheme. Generally speaking, in terms of linearity, the correlation coefficient of neutralization titer determination method should meet the pre-set acceptable standards. In terms of accuracy, the ratio between the actual titer of neutralizing antibody and the theoretical titer of serum with different dilution times is 1, or the slope of regression line in covariance analysis is parallel. In terms of precision, the coefficient of variation should be controlled within 30% as far as possible. In terms of durability, it is necessary to investigate the effects of cell density (generation), neutralization virus dose, neutralization reaction conditions and time, and different positions of orifice plates on the test results. In order to study the influence of possible degradation products and degradation pathways on titer determination, the samples can be destroyed by accelerated methods such as strong light irradiation, high temperature and high humidity. Encourage the use of working standards as quality control, reduce test interference factors, and improve the accuracy and reliability of results.

Verification of detection methods for hazardous residues: Usually, hazardous residues are at trace level, and the sensitivity of detection methods determines the reliability of the results. Encourage the use of more advanced methods and instruments with higher sensitivity based on the methods in China Pharmacopoeia, and pay attention to distinguish the detection limits of instruments and methods. The obtained detection limit and quantitative limit data must be verified by samples with similar contents.
say
Test process and detection limit results, including accuracy and precision verification data. The linear indexes such as recovery rate (%) and relative standard deviation (RSD%) should be listed as regression equation, correlation coefficient, residual square sum linear graph, etc. The range should be drawn up within 20% of the specified limit according to the preliminary measured data, and in general, various methods with different principles should be used to verify each other. Methodological verification of product-related impurities: Methodological verification shall be carried out according to the requirements of China Pharmacopoeia. If the commercial kit is used for residue detection, it is suggested to study the selection of detection kit (such as IgA detection), and the detection kit should explain the sensitivity, specificity, detection limit, quantitative limit and linear range. In general, the accuracy, precision, linear range, interference test, reference interval and other indicators of the kit should be verified. The variation coefficient of precision should be within 20%, the accuracy deviation should not exceed 10%, the linear range determination coefficient (R 2) should be ≥ 0.98, and the relative deviation of interference test should be less than 10%. Attention should be paid to identify the factors that affect the accuracy of the determination results during the release test of products, such as pH value, PK activity, ionic strength of product solution, reaction temperature, etc., which will affect the determination results of PKA, and low pH conditions may reduce the PKA activity of products. 

6, reference (standard)

The quality control reference of antibody titer should be established according to the requirements of relevant guiding principles. When applying for NDA, it is necessary to clarify the key information such as the source and quality control of reference materials, and the reference materials should be related to the samples used in clinical experiments, paying attention to the accuracy and traceability of assignment. If international/national standards are adopted, the information of standards used (source, batch, etc.) shall be specified. If it is a self-made reference, the preparation process, calibration and stability should be studied.

(5) Stability study 

Stability test runs through the whole product life cycle and is the basis for formulating product standards and expiration dates. The stability test should be carried out in accordance with the China Pharmacopoeia and the relevant guiding principles of stability research of biological products at home and abroad. In the declaration stage of IND, preliminary stability inspection can be conducted to ensure the quality of samples in clinical stage. Complete a comprehensive stability inspection before NDA declaration, select suitable packaging materials, define storage and transportation conditions, and formulate a reasonable validity period. The investigation of influencing factor test and accelerated test should be studied as far as possible until the product is unqualified. Long-term stability investigation should extend the observation time of products as much as possible. In general, the liquid dosage form should be placed upside down and upright for stability test. Products with different closed systems should be tested for stability respectively. If a new production site is introduced to produce intermediate products, unless there are other reasons, the stability research of intermediate products and finished products should be carried out. The activity of Fc segment is an important indicator of the effectiveness of this kind of products, so it is suggested to investigate the related stability. For the special exemption products in liquid dosage form, the thermal stability test should be carried out, and the visible foreign bodies should be checked. The results should meet the requirements of China Pharmacopoeia.

(6) Packaging and sealing container system 

The source and control standard of inner packaging materials should be clarified, and the compatibility and sealing of packaging materials should be studied in accordance with the relevant guiding principles such as Technical Guiding Principles for Compatibility Research of Chemical Injection with Medical Glass Packaging Container (Trial Implementation), Technical Guiding Principles for Compatibility Research of Chemical Injection with Plastic Packaging Materials (Trial Implementation) and the requirements of ICH related guidelines. Extracts, dissolved substances, sloughs, etc. shall meet the limit requirements. Pay attention to the influence of the extract of inner packing rubber stopper and glass bottle on the preparation. 

V. Explanation of nouns

1. Blood Products refer to therapeutic products derived from human blood or plasma, such as human albumin, human immunoglobulin, human coagulation factor, etc.

2. Human Normal Immunoglobulin (HNIG): also known as gamma globulin or multivalent immunoglobulin, is an immunoglobulin preparation separated from healthy human plasma by low-temperature ethanol protein separation method or other approved protein separation methods, including intravenous immunoglobulin, intramuscular immunoglobulin and subcutaneous immunoglobulin.

3. Specific human immunoglobulin (HIG): It is a high titer immunoglobulin preparation prepared from plasma containing specific antibodies. The sources of plasma include plasma with high titer antibody after the patient recovered from infection with a pathogen, and plasma containing specific antibodies by hyperimmune injection of healthy blood donors, that is, injection of vaccines or other antigens to make the injected people produce antibodies. Different from ordinary immunoglobulins, such preparations must have at least one high titer antibody for the prevention and treatment of specific diseases in clinic.

4. Anti-complement Activity (ACA): A substance in serum or tissue fluid that can nonspecific bind to complement and make it inactive, such as protease and ester. 

VI. References (omitted)