In 1996, the cooperation between the east and the west started a magnificent journey, and Fujian and Ningxia formed a helping pair. After more than 20 years of poverty alleviation, as a demonstration window of poverty alleviation cooperation between the two provinces, Suining Village has developed into Suining Town. The "dry beach" in the past has become the "golden beach" today, and 66,000 ecological immigrants who moved from Xihaigu area have lived a good life. The picture shows Yuanlong Village, an immigrant village in Suining Town, Yongning County, Ningxia. Shen Jinxiang/photo
The cooperation between the east and the west has created a miracle, and the old look of Suining Town in Ningxia has taken on a new look. Since Fujian and Ningxia formed a helping pair, over the past 20 years, through financial support, introducing projects, training skills, helping industries and other measures, a magnificent chapter of cooperation between Fujian and Ningxia in poverty alleviation has been written in the Gobi dry plateau. The picture above shows that in the early stage of the construction of Minning Town, Yongning County, Ningxia, the immigrants reclaimed land on the Gobi Desert (data photo issued by Xinhua News Agency). The picture below shows the photovoltaic vegetable greenhouse in Yuanlong Immigrant Village, Suining Town (photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Wang Peng).
Work together to achieve a comprehensive well-off dream, and Fujian-Ningxia counterpart poverty alleviation cooperation has achieved fruitful results. Based on the development of characteristic industries, Suining Town has cultivated a number of characteristic industries, such as photovoltaic, planting and wine, which provides a "golden key" for local people to open the door to wealth. The picture shows the workers in Helanshen Winery, Suining Town, Yongning County, Ningxia, inspecting the oak barrels. Zhan Anwen/photo
闽宁对口扶贫协作给“穷沟沟”带来山乡巨变，实现“苦瘠甲天下”到“绿水青山”的蝶变。当年十年九旱的西海固地区通过移民搬迁、退耕还林、平整土地、保墒增收，如今生态得到了极大修复，生产生活条件得到了极大改善。图为宁夏西海固地区西吉县震湖乡小流域治理生态修复区。 强继周/摄
巍巍贺兰山层峦叠嶂，守护着一望无垠的宁夏平原。在山的东麓，坐落着一个现代化生态移民示范镇——闽宁镇。这里，红瓦白墙，绿树成荫，农家小楼鳞次栉比，工厂车间热火朝天，田间地头欢声笑语，一场丰收又将来临。
时针拨回到1997年。那时这里是银川城外永宁县的一片戈壁滩，“空中不飞鸟，地上不长草，风吹沙砾满地跑”。这年初春，时任福建省委副书记的习近平来到宁夏，调研对口帮扶工作，部署“移民吊庄”工程。面对这片荒滩，他坚定地说：“今日的干沙滩，明日要变成金沙滩。”由此，闽宁镇大踏步赶上了时代的脚步，创造了东西部协作发展的新模式，实现了从“干沙滩”到“金沙滩”的凤凰涅槃。
2016年7月19日，习近平总书记来到闽宁镇考察，看到在20年对口帮扶下，昔日的“干沙滩”变成了“金沙滩”，老百姓过上了幸福生活，“打心眼里感到高兴”。他与村民代表座谈，深情地说：“闽宁镇探索出了一条康庄大道，我们要把这个宝贵经验向全国推广。”
一、趟出扶贫致富的新路子
“闽宁村奠基那天，习近平同志代表对口帮扶领导小组发来贺信。我就站在台下听人读那信，听着听着就哭了，虽然那时闽宁村还是一片荒凉，但我知道搬出山沟沟一定会有希望”。20多年过去了，闽宁镇居民谢兴昌当年流泪憧憬的梦想一一变为现实。曾经“胡风怒卷黄如雾”、“穷荒绝漠鸟不飞”的贺兰山下荒滩，如今是绿树成荫、良田万顷、经济繁荣、百姓富裕的“金沙滩”，6.6万易地搬迁移民过上了过去想都不敢想的好日子。
22 years in a flash. Minning Town was born out of poverty alleviation and prospered from poverty alleviation. At present, the whole town covers an area of 210 square kilometers, and there are 6 villagers’ committees and 86 villagers’ groups under its jurisdiction. The income of residents has increased steadily and it has successfully entered the ranks of key towns in China. From scratch, from poverty to wealth, Minning Town is a microcosm of China’s great project to help the poor. It is the result of decades of hard work led by the party, which shows the creative exploration of poverty alleviation cooperation between the east and the west and the superiority of Socialism with Chinese characteristics system in essence.
Minning Town is an ecological immigrant town, and all the residents moved from Xihaigu area in southern Ningxia. The mountain valley in Xihaigu area of Ningxia is deep, with long-term drought and water shortage, serious soil erosion and fragile ecological environment. It is known as "the bitterness is the best in the world", and its poverty is unimaginable without visiting its territory. What is poverty? Xihaigu people in the 1980s will tell you: there is no grain in the pot, no firewood at the bottom of the pot, no water in the jar, and no money on you. Experts from the United Nations Food Development Agency once thought that Xihaigu was one of the most unsuitable places for human survival.
为了改善西海固地区的生态环境和群众生活，20世纪80年代，宁夏按照党中央“三西”建设部署，开始实施西海固地区的生态移民搬迁，动员当地一部分贫困群众，到近水近路的地方建设“吊庄”，另谋生活出路。1990年10月，在国家扶贫开发政策支持下，宁夏组织西海固地区的西吉、海原两县1000多户贫困群众搬迁到贺兰山东麓的永宁县，在戈壁荒滩上建立了玉泉营和玉海经济开发区两处“吊庄”移民点，开始了西海固地区有组织的生态搬迁扶贫。这便是闽宁镇的前身。
1996年，中央决定实施东西部扶贫协作，福建对口协作帮扶宁夏。同年10月，福建省成立对口帮扶宁夏领导小组，时任福建省委副书记的习近平担任组长；11月，习近平同志在福州主持召开闽宁对口扶贫协作第一次联席会议，拉开了闽宁对口扶贫协作的大幕。
1997年4月，习近平同志率团到宁夏调研考察，深入宁夏南部贫困山区访贫问苦。习近平同志边调研、边思考、边规划闽宁对口扶贫协作。在他的建议下，同年召开的闽宁两省区第二次联席会议确定，以玉泉营开发区黄羊滩“吊庄”移民点为主体，集中力量共同建设以福建和宁夏两省区简称命名的闽宁村，作为两省区对口扶贫协作的示范窗口。从此，贺兰山东麓这片毫无生机的“干沙滩”开始沸腾起来，并逐步成为接收生态移民、助力贫困群众脱贫致富的“金沙滩”，移民规模不断扩大。
2001年12月7日，经宁夏回族自治区人民政府批准，在闽宁村的基础上成立了闽宁镇。新成立的闽宁镇，行政隶属由西海固地区的西吉县划归银川市永宁县管辖，解决了易地搬迁移民的属地管理问题，使闽宁镇扶贫开发有了更加稳固的体制机制支撑。2017年6月6日，中共宁夏回族自治区第十二次代表大会提出，落实中央东西部扶贫协作战略部署，深化闽宁对口扶贫协作。闽宁镇这个塞上移民镇，乘着东西部扶贫协作的东风，走上了经济社会协同发展的康庄大道。
二、“金钥匙”打开了致富门
东西部扶贫协作是我们党的伟大创造。从1996年9月中央确定闽宁对口扶贫协作关系以来，福建和宁夏两省区按照习近平同志倡导的“优势互补、互惠互利、长期协作、共同发展”方针，用“闽宁示范村”模式这把金钥匙，打开了深度贫困地区和贫困群众脱贫致富之门。
发展特色产业是重要支撑。早在闽宁对口扶贫协作之初，习近平同志就明确指出，扶贫协作要以基本解决贫困人口的温饱问题为重点，以产业协作为基础，加大企业和社会力量扶贫协作的规模和力度。在习近平同志亲自谋划下，闽宁村转变发展思路，一边兴修水利、整理土地、引黄入滩，一边从福建引资引智引项目，培育发展特色产业，帮助群众彻底“拔穷根”。随着闽宁两省区协作不断加深，一批批福建企业和人才到宁夏投资兴业，他们不仅带来了资金和技术，而且带来了沿海地区先进的市场观念和“爱拼才会赢”的精神，给闽宁镇的发展注入了巨大活力。在闽宁对口帮扶下，闽宁镇坚持把当地资源优势和用好市场机制结合起来，先后培育形成了菌草、葡萄、黄牛等特色产业，协作扶贫这颗“金种子”在这片干涸的土地上生根发芽，结出了丰硕的果实。
Pairing assistance is the dynamic mechanism.At the first joint meeting of Fujian-Ningxia counterpart poverty alleviation cooperation, the "point-to-point, one-to-one" pairing assistance mode was determined. Eight economically developed counties along the coast of Fujian helped eight counties in the southern mountainous area of Ningxia. More than 20 departments of provincial organs established assistance and cooperation relations with relevant departments in Ningxia, and concentrated the financial, material and human resources of the government and all walks of life, making key breakthroughs in developing Ningxia’s rural economy and improving the lives of poor people. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, in accordance with the new requirements of accurate poverty alleviation, the twinning assistance between the two provinces and regions has developed in depth, extending from counties to towns and administrative villages, forming a closer development community. In October 2016, Fujian Zhangzhou Taiwanese Investment Zone signed a twinning and co-construction agreement with villages in Yongning County and Suining Town, and established a new "3+1" counterpart cooperation model of twinning, mutual help and common development at the county, town and village levels. On June 13, 2018, at the 22nd joint meeting of Fujian-Ningxia counterpart poverty alleviation cooperation, 10 departments including Party Committee Organization Department, Industry and Information Department and Education Department of the two provinces and regions signed cooperation agreements respectively. "These paired places and departments have become a strong guarantee for the two places to work together to achieve tangible results." Liang Jiyu, director of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Poverty Alleviation Office, said.
Selecting cadres on attachment is an effective way.Over the past 20 years, Fujian Province has sent 11 batches of 183 cadres to help the poor areas in Ningxia. They worked one after another, explored the path of poverty alleviation and development according to local conditions, spared no effort to cultivate sustainable industries for the recipient areas, and tried every means to attract enterprises to participate in poverty alleviation. The model of "Suining Demonstration Village" continued to glow with new vitality. A batch of cadres who are on the job relay to help the poor, so that the hand-in-hand connection between Fujian and Ningxia provinces spanning 3,000 kilometers has never stopped, and it has become a powerful force to help Ningxia get rid of poverty. Huang Jiaming is a member of the ninth batch of Fujian cadres who aid Nanjing, 2014— In 2015, he was appointed deputy secretary of the Party Committee of Suining Town. Under his matchmaking, not only four Fujian enterprises, such as Qingchuan Pipe Industry, settled down in the town, but also six villages, such as jiao mei zhen in Longhai, Zhangzhou, Yuanlong Village in Minning Town and Wuzhai Village in jiao mei zhen, formed a "pair" to help each other and promote cooperation and development. "The dedication of these temporary cadres is admirable. When some cadres come to work, they bring their wives to teach, and their children transfer to Guyuan to go to school. " Ma Zhenjiang, deputy inspector of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Poverty Alleviation Office and director of the Social Poverty Alleviation Office, said.
Improving people’s livelihood is the foothold.For more than 20 years, Fujian and Ningxia have continuously expanded the field of poverty alleviation cooperation, from a single economic cooperation to cooperation in education, medical care, culture and other fields, and the local people have gained more benefits. Counterpart assistance has also enabled the rapid development of various social undertakings in Suining Town. At present, every village has primary schools, clinics, cultural activity centers and people’s livelihood service halls. In recent years, Minning Town has fully implemented the transformation of shanty towns, and promoted the "three reforms" project of improving water, toilets and kitchens. Immigrants have used solar energy, and more and more residents have used flush toilets. With the improvement of production and living conditions, Minning Town has paid more attention to the construction of ecological environment, continuously carried out five major projects: ecological restoration, sand prevention and control, farmland forest network, town and village greening and environmental improvement, comprehensively implemented efficient and water-saving agriculture, and planted more than 10,000 mu of trees, completely bidding farewell to the history of "gray in sunny days and mud in rainy days".
Spiritual poverty alleviation is a long-term goal."Rich pockets" are more "rich brains". Minning Town pays more attention to education as an important part of poverty alleviation cooperation, insists on paying equal attention to material poverty alleviation and spiritual poverty alleviation, and makes efforts to "uproot the poor". Zhangzhou Taiwanese Investment Zone invests 200,000 yuan each year in education aid funds to help poor students in Minning Town and its surrounding areas. Fujian Province sent 12 backbone teachers to teach in Minning Town, and Minning Middle School and Fuzhou No.1 Middle School formed a sister school to promote common development through mutual visits and online teaching and research. Especially in the past two years, in order to strive for a "national civilized village and town", Minning Town has started with poverty alleviation, ambition support and wisdom support, and extensively carried out activities such as moral typical tree selection, harmonious construction of ethnic and religious groups, and cultivation of rural cultural teams, which effectively improved the overall quality of residents and made the people’s mental outlook of the town look brand-new.
Practice has proved that poverty alleviation cooperation and counterpart support between the east and the west is a grand strategy to promote regional coordinated development, coordinated development and common development, a grand layout to strengthen regional cooperation, optimize industrial layout and expand new space for opening up at home and abroad, and a great measure to achieve the goal of helping the rich first and then achieving common prosperity.
三、闽宁镇蝶变
到2020年全面建成小康社会，是我们党向人民、向历史作出的庄严承诺。全面建成小康社会，最艰巨最繁重的任务在农村，特别是在贫困地区。习近平总书记多次强调，“小康路上一个都不能少”，2016年他在宁夏考察时再次强调，到2020年全面建成小康社会，任何一个地区、任何一个民族都不能落下。
哪里贫困程度深，哪里就是习近平总书记最牵挂的地方，哪里就有习近平总书记的足迹。习近平总书记曾触景生情地回忆：1997年我来到西海固，被当地的贫困景象所震撼，下决心贯彻党中央决策部署，推动福建和宁夏开展对口帮扶。闽宁对口扶贫协作是从探索解决西海固地区深度贫困与环境恶化这个两难问题起步的。闽宁镇作为西海固地区生态移民安置点的示范窗口，能不能走出一条发展新路，让从西海固地区搬迁来的贫困群众过上好日子，从根本上决定着能否攻克西海固地区深度贫困这个堡垒。在习近平同志精心指导下，闽宁镇先行先试发展特色产业，走上了产业扶贫新路，如同凤凰涅槃，重振羽翅，冲天飞翔。“闽宁示范村”模式的脱贫成效表明，扶贫攻坚找对了路子，扶贫协作扶到了点子上。
Nowadays, through the butterfly change from "blood transfusion" to "hematopoiesis", Minning Town has gradually explored and established a new industrial development mechanism of "government attracting investment, enterprise leading and social participation", and formed five leading industries of "characteristic planting, characteristic breeding, photovoltaic industry, tourism industry and labor service industry", which have become the source of migrants’ prosperity. By the end of 2018, Suining Town registered 48 trademarks of various agricultural products, and five enterprises were established as leading enterprises in agricultural industrialization in the autonomous region, realizing the integrated development from the initial traditional planting industry to the current primary, secondary and tertiary industries. At present, all kinds of enterprises in Fujian have invested 2.28 billion yuan in Minning Town, and the major industries in the town have formed certain scale advantages and agglomeration effects, which have effectively supported farmers’ income increase and modernization. At the same time, Fujian and Ningxia provinces have jointly built an industrial park for poverty alleviation in Minning town, and six enterprises have settled down with an investment of 300 million yuan, which has effectively promoted the agricultural industrialization of Minning town and lifted farmers out of poverty. "Everyone is full of hope for the future life, which has a good demonstration role for Ningxia to get rid of poverty." Liang Jiyu, director of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Poverty Alleviation Office, said.
Driven by the development of characteristic industries, the process of poverty alleviation in Suining Town has accelerated, which resonates with rural revitalization. In 2018, the per capita disposable income of Suining Town reached 12,988 yuan, and the per capita disposable income of Funing Village, where Suining Village was located when the foundation stone was laid, reached 21,640 yuan, far higher than the per capita disposable income level of rural residents in China. By the end of 2018, 1,593 households and 6,536 people in the whole town had been lifted out of poverty, and the incidence of poverty dropped to 0.9%. All five poverty-stricken villages met the conditions for listing. In recent years, Minning Town has closely combined precision poverty alleviation with rural revitalization, closely focused on the construction of Minning Cooperative Industrial City and Minning Poverty Alleviation Industrial Park, and created a unique model town, a livable town with rich life and a model town of national unity and progress. In today’s Minning Town, the wide roads are lined with trees, and there are all kinds of infrastructure such as squares, shops, hospitals and schools. Residents enjoy more than 20 kinds of old-age insurance and medical insurance for urban and rural residents, and their lives are happy.
More importantly, over the past 20 years, driven by the demonstration of Minning Town, more than 110 demonstration villages, more than 20 new villages and 320 relocation and resettlement areas have emerged in Ningxia, and more than 1 million people have been relocated in Xihaigu area. The large-scale relocation of millions of immigrants has greatly eased the contradiction between population and resources in Xihaigu, thus enabling the smooth progress of returning farmland to forests and grasslands, closing hillsides for grazing and ecological restoration in this area. This is another miracle that our party unites and leads the people to create, and it will surely shine in history.
四、“闽宁示范村”模式的奥秘
20多年来，在习近平同志精心指导下，闽宁两省区守望相助，开创了一条具有典范意义的扶贫协作道路。作为东西部扶贫协作的示范窗口，闽宁镇已成为贫困地区通过对口帮扶走向全面小康的成功典范，在脱贫攻坚征程上，标注了具有重大实践意义的“闽宁示范村”模式。
“坚持党对一切工作的领导”。闽宁对口扶贫协作是东西部扶贫协作的成功实践，离不开我们党的坚强有力领导，离不开我们党团结带领人民的接续奋斗。两省区坚决贯彻落实党中央的战略举措，坚持从“两个大局”、逐步实现共同富裕的战略高度推进工作，探索建立了以联席会议制度为核心的扶贫协作工作机制，开展了多层次、多形式、宽领域、全方位的扶贫协作，形成了以政府援助、企业合作、社会帮扶、人才支持为主要内容的帮扶体系。两省区党委和政府每年召开对口扶贫协作联席会议，共同研究帮扶事项，共同推进任务落实，共同解决重大问题，20多年从未间断，推动扶贫协作不断向纵深拓展。实践证明，党是我们事业的坚强领导核心，党的坚强领导是东西部扶贫协作取得成功的有力保证。应对前进中的风险挑战，完成艰巨历史使命，根本上要靠党的领导。
Concentrate on doing great things.Getting rid of poverty is not only a matter for poor areas, but also a matter for the whole society, and it is the common responsibility of the whole party and society. To make good use of the important magic weapon of the socialist system to concentrate on doing great things, it is necessary to mobilize and unite all forces and sing the "chorus" of poverty alleviation. For more than 20 years, the two provinces and regions have insisted on tackling poverty as the top priority and the first livelihood project, actively built a platform for social poverty alleviation, cultivated diverse social poverty alleviation subjects, widely mobilized social organizations and individuals such as party committees and governments at all levels, democratic parties, federations of industry and commerce, workers, youths and women, and chamber of commerce associations to participate in poverty alleviation, and guided various enterprises to invest and start businesses in poverty-stricken areas, thus building a large-scale poverty alleviation pattern with the participation of the whole society, forming a strong driving force of "working together for a well-off society". By giving full play to the role of social forces, Fujian and Ningxia provinces have gone from one-way poverty alleviation to industrial docking, and from economic assistance to in-depth cooperation in many fields, which fully demonstrates the superiority of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s system to concentrate on doing great things.
"Right ‘ Prescription ’ To unplug ‘ Poor roots ’ " .An important reason for the success of Fujian-Ningxia counterpart cooperation in poverty alleviation is that it attaches importance to the role of market mechanism while giving play to the leading role of the government, and has opened the right prescription for poverty control and achieved a breakthrough in the development of characteristic industries. The two provinces firmly grasp the key to enhance the self-development ability of poverty-stricken areas, regard the development of characteristic industries as the fundamental measure to improve the self-development ability of poverty-stricken areas, adhere to the market orientation and industrial cooperation as the basis, vigorously promote the development of superior resources in poverty-stricken areas, drive the poor people out of poverty for a long time, and embark on a "hematopoietic" poverty alleviation path driven by enterprise cooperation, industry poverty alleviation and projects. As the organizer and implementer of poverty alleviation, the government’s role is mainly reflected in developing strategic planning, building a development platform and promoting the implementation of poverty alleviation policies. It is more important for enterprises to combine their own advantages with local characteristics to achieve shared development.
"Poverty alleviation must first help the ambition".To get rid of poverty, we should not only get rid of material poverty, but also get rid of the poverty of consciousness and thinking. This is an important inspiration from the cooperation between Fujian and Ningxia in poverty alleviation. For more than 20 years, Fujian has not only given material assistance to poverty-stricken areas in Ningxia, but also brought new ideas of reform and development, which has promoted the change of ideological concepts of cadres and masses in Ningxia. The Fujian spirit of "Only if you work hard can you win" inspires Ningxia cadres and masses to further emancipate their minds and work hard. Most of the farmers in Minning Town moved spontaneously from Xihaigu. They can turn the former Gobi desert into today’s characteristic town by their entrepreneurial spirit and perseverance. The history of entrepreneurial struggle in Suining Town explains the same truth: "It is important to get rid of poverty and become rich. As long as you have ambition and confidence, there is no hurdle that you can’t get past."
Draw a blueprint to the end.Since the cooperation between Fujian and Ningxia in helping the poor, each helper has devoted himself sincerely, made sincere efforts, and made relay efforts, which has stimulated the enthusiasm and motivation of the poor people, inspired the cadres in party member, Ningxia, and formed a powerful spiritual force to get rid of poverty and tackle the tough problems. It is a difficult and complicated process to get rid of poverty and attack hard. To fundamentally change poverty and backwardness, the broad masses of the people need to carry forward the tenacity of "dripping water wears away stones" and the arduous entrepreneurial spirit of silent dedication and make unremitting efforts for a long time. Party member cadres and grass-roots party organizations, in particular, should give full play to the vanguard and exemplary role and the role of fighting bastion, always keep the poor people warm and cold in mind, shoulder the task of tackling poverty, show the spirit and determination of "never breaking the loulan and never returning it", keep the passion and tenacity of "sticking to the green hills and never relaxing", do more things to lay the foundation and manage the long term, truly practice the party’s purpose in tackling poverty, and lead the poor people to a well-off society in an all-round way. (Our reporter Wang Zhaobin)