月度归档： 2025 年 4 月

Zhuge Liang has always been a representative figure of loyal ministers and wise men in history. He made great contributions to the establishment of Shu. After the establishment of Shu, he was made prime minister, helped the people at home, and made sincere efforts to unite with Wu to resist Wei. In order to realize the revival of the Han Dynasty, he made several northern expeditions, but in the end he fell short and died in Wuzhangyuan at the age of 53. During Zhuge Liang’s life, he invented many things, among which eight inventions were the greatest, and some of them have been used to this day and are loved by people.

First, the wooden ox is flowing.

Mu Niu Liu Ma should be a famous invention of Zhuge Liang, which was invented by Zhuge Liang in the Northern Expedition to facilitate the transportation of grain. According to historical records, Zhuge Liang used Mu Niu in the fifth Northern Expedition and Liu Ma in the sixth Northern Expedition. Mu Niu Liu Ma is good at going uphill and downhill, and is suitable for mountainous areas, because their images are like cows and horses. There is a rope inside, and the rope ends and legs are connected, and it is twisted every 20 kilometers.

Second, send a crossbow.

The repeating crossbow was invented by Zhuge Liang for the first time. In the past, the old crossbow could only fire one arrow at a time, so Zhuge Liang improved it and invented that it could fire ten arrows at a time. The repeating crossbow was slightly wider than the ordinary crossbow, and it was extremely lethal when shooting arrows horizontally.

Third, the Eight Diagrams Array

This is the battle array created by Zhuge Liang himself after he came out of the mountain. He called it the Eight Diagrams Battle Array. The soldiers are arranged in a gossip shape, with eight doors in and eight doors out. This array is not easy to crack and is good at confusing the enemy. Zhuge Liang later transformed this array many times, and it evolved from an army array to a stone array and a horse array.

Fourth, Kongming Lantern

Kongming lantern is also called sky lantern, and now it is also called wishing lantern. Legend has it that it was invented by Zhu Gekongming in the Three Kingdoms period. At that time, Zhu Gekongming was besieged by Sima Yi in Yuping, and could not send troops out of the city for help. Kong Ming calculated the direction of the wind, made a floating paper lantern, tied with a message for help, and then escaped as expected, so later generations called this lantern Kong Ming Lantern.

Fifth, the bridge gun

After Zhuge Liang pacified the south, he decided to send troops to the north to fulfill Liu Beixing’s last wish to restore the Han Dynasty. The terrain leading to the north is extremely difficult, with many mountains and rivers. It’s okay to climb the mountain, but the key is to cross the river: soldiers spend a long time bridging the bridge every time. Zhuge Liang was also troubled by this. One day, he thought of how the ancients made a sickle hook, thus inventing a bridge gun. The shaft of the bridge gun is as long as the red tassel gun, and the head of the gun is spiral (a bit like a screwdriver now).

Sixth, mines

Everyone knows that Zhuge Liang played against Sima Yi in the last game. In this game, he used mines, but unexpectedly it rained heavily, which made the pre-laid mines wet with gunpowder and could not explode. Zhuge Liang wasted all his efforts and vomited blood angrily, and issued a heartfelt sigh that "Man proposes, God disposes".

Seventh, Kong Mingqi

In 228 AD, there was a rebellion in the south of Shu, so Zhuge Liang decided to marry himself to put down the rebellion. On the way, the weather in the south was changeable, Meng Huo was unwilling to surrender for a long time, and the soldiers in the army were bored, so Zhuge Liang invented a kind of chess, which could send away the soldiers’ boredom.

Eighth, steamed bread

This is Zhuge Liang’s seven attempts to capture Meng Huo and pacify Na Man, and he was prevented from crossing the river by the ghosts who died in battle. Zhuge Liang was so worried about this scene that he thought about it and had to pay homage to the river god, pray for God’s blessing, punish evil spirits and bless the living beings. Zhuge Liang could not bear to sacrifice his head and invented steamed bread as a substitute. So he ordered the sheep and pigs to be slaughtered, wrapped into dough and thrown into the water as a sacrifice. Later, people learned this custom.

(Original title: Zhuge Liang’s eight great inventions in his life, many of which are still in use today, and the last one we eat every day)

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　　People’s Daily Online, Beijing, December 7 According to official website, Lanzhou Health and Health Commission, on December 2, 2019, four suspected cases of brucellosis (referred to as brucellosis) were reported in the West Station of the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, all of them were personnel of Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute of China Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The health department of Lanzhou responded in time, and coordinated experts from the national, provincial, municipal and district levels to go to the site for guidance and investigation and verification. The antibody was positive and there were no related clinical symptoms. After epidemiological, laboratory tests and comprehensive judgment by clinical experts, it was determined to be a recessive infection of brucellosis.

　　The Lanzhou Municipal Health and Health Commission said that after the incident, the main leaders of the provincial party committee and the provincial government made important instructions. Under the guidance of national and provincial health departments and experts, the Lanzhou Municipal Health and Health Department organized a working group to conduct epidemiological investigations and laboratory tests on the personnel of the institute, and organized clinical experts to carry out psychological counseling, professional consultation and formulate treatment plans. As of 12: 00 on December 6th, 263 people have been detected, of which 65 are antibody positive (including the above 4 cases), mainly laboratory staff. All 65 patients were observed according to the treatment plan, and standardized treatment measures were taken in time when necessary. The agricultural sector is actively carrying out source tracing and on-site disposal, and various monitoring and disposal work is progressing in an orderly manner.

　　According to the assessment of the expert group, brucellosis is a zoonotic disease, and the source of human infection is mainly infected animals such as cattle and sheep, so the risk of human-to-human transmission is extremely small. At present, no cases of human-to-human transmission have been reported in China. The prevention and control measures in key places of the institute have been implemented and will not pose a new threat to the surrounding people.

　　Event review:

　　Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute of China Academy of Agricultural Sciences published the Circular of Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute of China Academy of Agricultural Sciences on Disposal of Suspected Brucella Infection on WeChat WeChat official account on December 6, pointing out that on November 28-29, the technical team of foot-and-mouth disease prevention and control of Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute of China Academy of Agricultural Sciences reported that four students were serologically positive for brucellosis. After receiving the report, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute immediately sent people to accompany the students to the hospital for treatment, and at the same time set up an investigation team to close the relevant laboratories and conduct investigations. Up to now, a total of 263 people have been tested, and 65 people have been confirmed to be serologically positive by Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Some seropositive people feel unwell, while others have no obvious clinical symptoms.

　　Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute of China Academy of Agricultural Sciences said that after the incident, China Academy of Agricultural Sciences immediately launched an emergency response plan and sent a working group to Lanzhou to guide and urge Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute to do emergency response and other related work. The National Health and Wellness Commission, the National Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Gansu Provincial Veterinary Bureau, Lanzhou Municipal Health and Wellness Commission, Lanzhou Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengguan District and Qilihe District Center for Disease Control and Prevention formed a joint working group, set up an epidemiological investigation team and a treatment expert group, and went to Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute to carry out epidemiological investigation and coordinate diagnosis and treatment. At present, many measures are being taken to treat people.

　　First, actively diagnose and treat serologically positive personnel. After the first positive case occurred, students were organized for diagnosis and treatment on November 29th. After the number of positive reports increased, under the coordination of Gansu Provincial Health and Health Committee, Lanzhou Health and Health Committee and CDC, relevant experts were invited to study and formulate treatment plans, determine diagnosis and treatment hospitals, and open up green treatment channels to check and diagnose students.

　　Second, cooperate with the Health and Wellness Committee to seriously trace the epidemic source. After receiving the report, the relevant laboratories, experimental animals and animal houses were closed, and more than 40 people were investigated with the epidemiological investigation team. The laboratory for raising experimental animals in the animal house was sampled with the investigation team, and the restaurants where positive people ate and the restaurants around the institute were investigated. At present, the specific epidemic source investigation is under way.

　　Common sense of brucellosis:

　　1. What is "brucellosis"?

　　Brucellosis (hereinafter referred to as brucellosis) is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by brucellosis invading the body. It is a Class B infectious disease stipulated in the Law on the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in People’s Republic of China (PRC), which is called "Leba disease" and "lazy disease" by the masses. Humans are susceptible to most bacteria in Brucella.

　　2. What are the sources of brucellosis?

　　At present, more than 60 species of animals are known as Brucella storage hosts. Sheep, cattle and pigs are the most common sources of infection. Among them, sheep are the main source of human brucellosis. In addition to sick sheep, cattle and pigs, other sick animals can also be used as the source of infection of human brucellosis, but generally only cause individual cases and will not spread from person to person.

　　3. How is brucellosis spread?

　　(1) Transmission through direct contact: direct contact with sick animals or their excreta, or failure to pay attention to protection during feeding, milking, shearing, slaughtering and processing skin, hair, meat, etc., can be caused by minor skin injuries or conjunctival infection.

　　(2) Transmission through digestive tract: infection is mainly caused by eating food contaminated by Brucella, water or drinking raw milk, and immature meat and internal organs. Some people like to drink raw milk, eat raw dairy products and raw meat or do not distinguish between raw and cooked food during cooking, which may cause infection.

　　(3) Transmission through respiratory tract: it is common to inhale droplets and dust contaminated by Brucella. Workers in fur processing enterprises, shed cleaning and Brucella laboratory operators are easily infected through this route.

　　4. What is Brucella recessive infection?

　　Latent infection refers to having a close contact history with livestock and livestock products suspected of brucellosis, or eating raw cow, sheep milk and meat products, or living in brucellosis epidemic areas; Or engaged in brucellosis culture, detection or brucellosis vaccine production, use and other epidemiological history, and in line with the laboratory diagnosis results. There were no clinical symptoms such as fever (including low fever), hyperhidrosis, fatigue, muscle and joint pain during latent infection.

　　The occurrence, development and prognosis of brucellosis are complicated, and its clinical manifestations are varied, so it is difficult to confirm the diagnosis with a certain symptom. The diagnosis of brucellosis should be combined with the patient’s epidemiological contact history, clinical manifestations and laboratory examination.

　　5. How to prevent brucellosis?

　　1. Farmers should cultivate scientifically and regulate slaughter. The breeding area should be separated from the living area, the livestock pens should be disinfected regularly, and the pens should be cleaned in a wet way, and personal protection should be done to prevent the spread of aerosol.

　　2. Buy livestock to quarantine, raise livestock to be immune, strictly control the flow of sick livestock, and avoid mixed breeding of sick and non-sick livestock. It is strictly forbidden to directly contact with sick livestock products and stillbirths with bare hands. After disinfection or incineration, sick livestock products and placentas should be dug and buried deeply, and sick animals should be culled in time.

　　3. For ordinary people, contact with cattle, sheep and other livestock should be reduced as much as possible. Beef and mutton should be cooked before eating, especially when eating barbecue and rinse meat, and the chopping board and knives should be cooked separately in the process of family processing. Brucella can survive for a long time in milk, dairy products and fur, but it is not heat-resistant and can be killed at high temperature. Therefore, raw milk can be safely drunk only after it is "boiled".

Good morning, friends! Today is Sunday, June 28th, 2020. Welcome to the morning newspaper time in the health field, and broadcast the fresh information of global health for you immediately!

【Dean of Tsinghua University Medical College responded that the paper was questioned for fraud.】

On June 27th, Chen Dong, dean of Tsinghua University Medical College and academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences, replied to China Newsweek that after a preliminary investigation, fraud was not established, some queries were caused by the questioner’s unfamiliarity with the research, and a few unintentional mistakes in using pictures were being revised in cooperation with the magazine. (China Newsweek)

[100,000 people can be inspected every day! Beijing "Huoyan" nucleic acid detection laboratory expansion]

According to media reports on the 26th, the first gas-film nucleic acid detection laboratory in Beijing is being expanded from 9 gas-film warehouses to 16 gas-film warehouses in Daxing District Sports Center Complex. After completion, the daily average detection capacity will be increased to 100,000 people, effectively alleviating the pressure of nucleic acid detection in Beijing. This laboratory is named "Eye of Fire", which is taken from the idiom "Eye of Fire", which means to identify viruses with top technology. [Click for details] (Beijing Daily)

[A case in Beijing was diagnosed after twice negative nucleic acid and antibody tests]

On June 27th, Pang Xinghuo, deputy director of Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, introduced that 17 new cases of COVID-19 were confirmed in Beijing the day before. Among them, one case was diagnosed after twice negative nucleic acid and antibody tests. (People’s Daily)

[India’s New Delhi Spiritual Center was transformed into "the world’s largest new crown hospital""】

According to foreign media reports, the Rotosami Mental Center in New Delhi has been transformed into the "world’s largest" Covid-19 medical center, which can accommodate 10,000 patients. On June 26th, the hospital will put 2,000 beds into use, and by July 7th, all 10,000 beds will be put into use. It is reported that the center covers an area of 116,128 square meters and will be used as both an isolation center and a hospital. (Southern Weekly)

[The standard of medical institutions’ medical insurance deduction points was released and will be implemented on July 1st]

Recently, Hebei Provincial Medical Security Bureau has formulated the "Administrative Measures for Examination of Designated Medical Institutions of Medical Security at the Level of Hebei Province (Trial)". The contents of the assessment involving medical institutions’ implementation of medical security policies, medical security service agreements and service quality are scored according to data analysis and daily inspection results. The new regulations will be implemented on July 1. (official website, Hebei Medical Security Bureau)

[Tianjin: 157 drugs were transferred to medical insurance after 3 days]

A few days ago, Tianjin Medical Insurance Bureau issued the Notice on Publishing the First Batch of Excluded Varieties in Tianjin’s Current List of Non-national Medical Insurance Drugs. It is understood that there are 157 varieties in the first batch of rejected varieties in Tianjin, including 84 western medicines such as ribavirin, ephedrine, lentinan, Guhong injection, indapamide and metronidazole, and 73 Chinese patent medicines including Pien Tze Huang capsule, Bairui capsule, Shuqing granule, Ganpikang capsule and Kesuiting capsule. The Notice requires the first batch of rejected varieties to withdraw from the payment scope of basic medical insurance, industrial injury insurance and maternity insurance in Tianjin from July 1, 2020. (Tianjin Medical Security Bureau)

[Fast recovery of acupuncture anesthesia in Shanghai Yueyang Hospital benefits patients]

This week, two patients in Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine who underwent lung cancer resection without tracheal intubation were discharged, and one of them drove home by himself on the fifth day after operation. Acupuncture anesthesia, an original technique in China, has accelerated postoperative rehabilitation and once again created a new legend in the operating room. (Wen Wei Po)

[Cycling man fell unconscious, Shanghai female doctor passed by for emergency rescue]

According to media reports on the 27th, on the evening of June 26th, Binjiang Road, Lujiazui, Shanghai. A man suddenly fell down while riding and lost consciousness after hitting his head on the railing. A female doctor who was also riding fitness passed by and immediately stopped to rescue the man, leaving silently after he was innocent. (The Paper)

[More than 70,000 people in Beijing municipal hospitals all tested negative for nucleic acid]

Recently, the Beijing Hospital Management Center has implemented the requirement of "due diligence" for employees in medical and health institutions, and organized municipal hospitals to conduct nucleic acid tests on all on-the-job employees, such as employees inside and outside the staff, trainees, labor outsourcing personnel and students. As of June 26th, except for 1,514 people who were unable to take part in the test because of the closed community and isolation at home, aid and other reasons, all municipal hospital staff have completed the nucleic acid test. A total of 72,277 people were tested, and all the test results were negative. (Beijing Daily)

[China-Japan Friendship Hospital: There are new achievements in the combination of medical workers and workers! 】

The China-Japan Friendship Hospital was released yesterday. Professor Cui Yong and Professor Guo Xindong from beijing university of chemical technology College of Materials Science and Engineering, relying on the research platform of "China-Japan Friendship Hospital-beijing university of chemical technology Biomedical Transformation Engineering Research Center", successfully developed a new type of biodegradable polymer microneedles, which can increase drug permeability and improve drug efficacy by generating epidermal micropores. At present, 5 original research papers have been jointly published in SCI journals in the fields of materials science and translational medicine, and the scale productivity and industrialization system have been completed. (Official WeChat of China-Japan Friendship Hospital)

[WHO: It is planned to provide 2 billion doses of vaccine to the world by the end of 2021]

On June 26th, local time, WHO held a regular press conference in COVID-19 to introduce the operation of the "Access to COVID-19 Related Tools" accelerator. According to the plan, 500 million testing tools and 245 million courses of treatment will be provided to low-and middle-income countries by mid-2021, and 2 billion doses of vaccines will be provided to the world by the end of 2021. [Click for details] (CCTV News)

【 Another COVID-19 vaccine in China has entered clinical trials! Different from the previous technical route]

The Institute of Microbiology of China Academy of Sciences reported on 26th that the COVID-19 recombinant protein vaccine jointly developed by its research team and Anhui Zhifeilong Kema Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd. has been approved by National Medical Products Administration recently and entered clinical trials. This is another new technical route to develop COVID-19 vaccine in China after two types of vaccines, adenovirus vector vaccine and inactivated vaccine, entered clinical trials. (China Youth Daily)

[The scale of biomedical industry in Xiamen is expected to exceed 150 billion yuan by 2025]

Recently, Xiamen City put forward the development goals, development priorities and a series of industrial policies of the biomedical industry in Xiamen at the meeting of the city’s biomedical innovation and development. Among them, it is clear that by 2025, the scale of biomedical industry in the city will exceed 150 billion yuan, and a number of leading enterprises with independent intellectual property rights and well-known brands will be cultivated, with more than 500 state-level high-tech enterprises, becoming a national strategic emerging industry demonstration cluster and a unique biomedical industry innovation center. (China Pharmaceutical Network)

[Burns: At present, half of the new cases in the United States are under the age of 35, which is good news]

On 26th, US Vice President Burns said at the White House briefing on the COVID-19 epidemic that day that the increase of the epidemic was due to the increased detection capability of the United States. He also said, "At present, half of the new cases are Americans under the age of 35, which is good news because young people are less likely to get seriously ill." (People’s Daily)

[Spain detected Covid-19 from wastewater samples in March last year]

The University of Barcelona announced on the 26th that a research team led by the university detected Covid-19 in the wastewater samples collected in Barcelona last March. According to the announcement, the researchers of the Enterovirus Group of the University of Barcelona tested the local wastewater samples and found that Covid-19 had been found in the wastewater collected on March 12 last year. Previously, the researchers of the group had detected the existence of Covid-19 in the wastewater samples collected on January 15 this year. (xinhuanet)

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